Александр II Николаевич Романов - Г

Александр II Николаевич Романов - Государь император и самодержец Всероссийский в 1855-1881 гг. Сын императора Николая I и императрицы Александры Федоровны. Родился 17 апреля 1818 г. Вступил на престол 18 февраля 1855 г. Короновался 26 августа 1856г.
В истории России император Александр II остался проводником широкомасштабных реформ. Его называли Освободителем, он отменил крепостное право. При правлении Александра II в общественно-политической жизни империи наступили определённые послабления. Александр II, придя к власти, понял, что начинать надо с земельной реформы, иначе она начнется снизу. В выпущенном Манифесте 19 февраля 1861 года говорилось о личном освобождении крестьян, наделении их землей и о выкупной сделке. Отныне крестьянин мог владеть собственностью, движимым и недвижимым имуществом, мог выступать как юридическое лицо. Так совершилась мирным путём и без значительных потрясений государственного механизма великая реформа, которая уже со времени Екатерины II считалась стоящей на очереди, но к которой все так боялись приступить. После крестьянского положения в ряду административных реформ важнейшее место занимает, без всякого сомнения, положение о земских учреждениях. В 1864 году царь провел и судебную реформу. Суд становился независимым, гласным. Появился также закон всесословной воинской повинности мужчин в возрасте 20 лет. Изменения затронули сферу образования и печати - было введено доступное всесословное образование, наряду с государственными школами возникли земские, церковно-приходские, воскресные, стали автономными университеты.
Все эти реформы улучшали социально-политическую обстановку в стране, но в корне ее не изменили. Именно тогда появились термины «оттепель» и «гласность». Был закрыт Высший цензурный комитет, и обсуждение гос. дел стало открытым.

Результаты (английский) 1:

Aleksandr II Nikolaevich Romanov-Emperor and autocrat of all Russia 1855-1881 BC. Son of Emperor Nicholas I of Russia and Empress Alexandra Fyodorovna. Born April 17, 1818 came to the throne was crowned February 18, 1855 August 26, 1856In the history of the Russian Emperor Alexander II was conductor of wide-ranging reforms. It was called the liberator, he abolished serfdom. During the reign of Alexander II in the socio-political life of the Empire came some indulgences. Alexander II came to power, understood that we must begin with the land reform, otherwise it will start from the bottom. Released February 19, 1861 Manifest of the year was about personal liberation of peasants, giving them land and a redemption transaction. Now the farmer could own property, movable and immovable property, can act as a legal entity. So accomplished peacefully and without major disruption of the State mechanism of great reform that already from the time of Catherine II, was standing on the line, but that all were afraid to proceed. After the peasants ' situation in a number of administrative reforms centrality is, without any doubt, the County agencies. In 1864, the King held and judicial reform. The Court became an independent, transparent. There is also a law vsesoslovnoj conscription of men at the age of 20 years. Changes affected education and printing-vsesoslovnoe education available was introduced, along with public schools are having ZEMSKOV, parish, Sunday, became autonomous universities. All these reforms have improved the socio-political situation in the country, but it does not radically changed. It was then introduced the terms "thaw" and "publicity". The highest censorship Committee was closed, and discussion of the State. Affairs became public.

Результаты (английский) 2:

Alexander II Nikolaevich Romanov - The Emperor and Autocrat of all Russia in 1855-1881 years. Son of Emperor Nicholas I and Empress Alexandra Feodorovna. Born April 17, 1818 was enthroned on February 18, 1855 crowned on August 26, 1856.
In the history of Russian Emperor Alexander II was conductor of wide-ranging reforms. He was called the Liberator, he abolished serfdom. Under the reign of Alexander II in the socio-political life of the empire came certain indulgences. Alexander II, who came to power, I realized that it was with the land reform, otherwise it will start from the bottom. In the Manifesto issued February 19, 1861 to talk about personal liberation of the peasants, their land allotment and redemption transaction. From now on, a farmer could own property, movable and immovable property, could act as a legal entity. So was peacefully and without major disruption of the state mechanism great reform, which has since Catherine II considered standing on the stage, but to which all are so afraid to start. After the peasant situation in a number of administrative reforms occupy a prominent place, without a doubt, the position of the zemstvo institutions. In 1864, the king held and judicial reform. Court became independent vowel. There was also a law vsesoslovnoy conscription of men aged 20 years. The changes affected education and print - was introduced affordable vsesoslovnye education, along with public schools having Zemsky, parochial, Sunday, became autonomous universities.
All these reforms have improved the socio-political situation in the country, but fundamentally it is not changed. It was then that the term "thaw" and "transparency." Was closed Highest censorship committee, and discussion of state. Affairs has been open.

Результаты (английский) 3:

Alexander II Nikolaevich Romanov - he abdicated the throne and Finland in 1855-1881 and the son of Emperor Nicholas II and Empress Alexandra. Born on 17 April 1818, entered into the holy see on 18 February 1855.Son Voishalk continued on 26 August 1856g.
in the history of Russian Emperor Alexander II remained conductor large-scale reforms. He was called Liberator, he abolished serfdom.When the board Alexander II in the public and political life of empire mature some softening. Alexander II, when they come to power, I realized that we have to begin with the land reform, otherwise it will start from below.The Manifesto issued on 19 February 1861, the personal exemption peasants, giving their land and the cash surrender deal. Now peasant could own property, movable and immovable property,To act as a legal person. So righted peacefully and without significant disruption of public mechanism for the great reform, which is already the time of Catherine II was regarded as the queue,But to which all so afraid to begin. After peasant situation in a number of administrative reform is the most important, without a doubt, the position of the provincial administration headquarters.In 1864, King has held, and judicial reform. The Court has become an independent, transparent. There is also the act всесословнои conscription men in 20 years of age.Changes have affected the education and printing - was introduced affordable всесословное education, along with the public schools have arisen земские, church and denominational, Sunday,Become autonomous universities.
All of these reforms improved socio-political situation in the country, but at the root it is not changed. It is then that there are the terms "mellowing" and "transparency".Was closed the supreme reasonableness the committee, and the debate on Intl. affairs has been open.