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The abdomen is a cavity containing the main organs of digestion . It is immediately below the chest but separated from it by the diaphragm .
The stomach lies just below the diaphragm and receives all the food which has passed down the oesophagus after being swallowed . Food stays in the stomach for a few hours while the
stomach enzymes begin the first stages of digestion.
After leaving the stomach, the partially digested food enters the small intestine. This is a long coiled tube about six metres long in which digestion is completed . It manufactures its own enzymes for this purpose but also receives some help from the pancreas . This gland lies in the loop of the duodenum , which is the first part of the small intestine after the stomach . The pancreas produces some enzymes which pass into the duodenum .
When the food has been completely digested in the small intestine , the indigestible residue passes into the large intestine. This is a wider tube, nearly two meters long, leading from the small intestine to the rectum. The large intestine absorbs water and minerals from waste food remnants . The rectum carries this waste to the external orifice or anus where it is eliminated from the body . The whole system of tubes through which the food passes on its way from mouth to anus is called the alimentary canal .
After digestion has been completed in the intestines, the digested food, which is now in a state the body can use , passes through the walls of the intestines into capillaries where the blood carries it to the liver .
The liver lies just below the diaphragm to the right of the stomach . It is a storehouse for digested food and distributes it to those parts of the body requiring it . It also produces a digestive juice known as bile . This is stored in the gall - bladder, which lies underneath the liver. Bile passes into the duodenum at the same point as the digestive juice from the pancreas .
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