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In the production of output per capita, Canada, a country with a highly developed economy, rich in natural resources, skilled labor, modern industrial production, it takes place in the top ten countries in the world. GDP in 1994 was $ 639.8 billion. (GNP per capita - $ 22,760). High rates of growth in industrial production in the extractive industries (the first in the world in the production of zinc and uranium) and in the service sector has radically transformed the economy of the country, which until World War II was largely agrarian orientation. Among the major industries - oil, gas, pulp and paper, wood, non-ferrous metallurgy, automobile. Canada is one of the world's major producers and exporters of grain (wheat and barley), an important export item are also fish and fish products. Currency - Canadian dollar (1 Canadian dollar equals 100 cents). Major trading partners: US, Japan, UK, Germany.
The total length of railways - 97 389 km, the country has a widespread network of roads with total length of 884,272 km (including 712 936 km - paved). Inland waterways have a length of 3000 km. The most important ports of the country: Halifax, Quebec City, St. John's, Vancouver - Sea, Thunder Bay and Toronto - lake.
History.
The first among the Europeans reached the Canadian coast, apparently, the Vikings 9-10 centuries. However, the discovery of Canada is attributed to the Venetian navigator Giovanni Caboto (John Cabot), who, while in the English service, in 1497 landed on the island of Newfoundland. First, however, increasingly new lands mastered the French Jacques Cartier in the 1534-1536 biennium. one of the first to explore the area along the river St. Lawrence River, and in 1608 began the colonization of Canada, which was called at the time of New France. In 1663 for the management of the new colony was established royal administration, which had good relations with the local Indian tribes. Britain began to compete for territory of modern Canada in the late 17th c., This rivalry escalated in the second half of the 18th c., When the French army was defeated, and France in 1763 recognized the right of Britain to the territory of New France. English Canada from the very beginning had to fight against Indian tribes, the allies of France (uprising 1763-1766 gg. Led by tribal leader Ottawa Pontiac). In 1867, Canada became a British dominion, which was a confederation of the provinces of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario and Quebec. The present borders of the country has developed in the early 20th century. (Newfoundland became the tenth province of Canada in 1949). Since 1931 Canada - a fully independent state within the British Commonwealth. Since the late 60s, the country began to grow separatist sentiment in the French province of Quebec, which is required to provide residents of the province special status, but the majority of Canadians in referendums in 1980 and 1992 voted against amending the constitution.
Attractions.
Tourists attracted to Canada by its exceptional natural beauty. There are a great number of national parks and reserves: Elk Island National Park (Elk Island); Wood Buffalo with the largest herd of bison; Jasper with glaciers, lakes, hot springs; Bauff mountain resort - the oldest national park of the country. On the border with the United States is Canada's Niagara Falls (height 51 m) - one of the most beautiful in the world. In Ottawa remarkable National Gallery; Canadian Museum of Nature; Museum of Science and Technology. In Nalaymo Park petroglyphs (rock carvings); Ethnographic Museum. Toronto: Royal Museum with the famous collection of Chinese art; C CN Tower in height 553 m. In Quebec: Ursuline Convent (17 in.); Cathedral of Notre-Dame-de-Quebec (17 in.); Church of Notre-Dame-des-Victoires (17 in.). In Montreal: Chateau de Ramsay (early 18th century). Seminary of Saint-Sulpice (17 in.).
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