Переработка экспортно-импортных гру

Переработка экспортно-импортных грузов, а также транзитного грузопотока, созданными логистическими центрами позволяет значительного снизить логистические издержки в конечной цене товара. Тем не мене, в Беларуси передача логистических функций на аутсорсинг логистическим центрам пока не позволяет существенно минимизировать логистические издержки, экономия составляет 2–5 %. Представители сетевого ритейла в Беларуси, использующие собственные дистрибьюторские центры, уже говорят о снижении логистических издержек на 5–10% [2, с. 28-33].
Сейчас у белорусских логистических центров преобладают четыре основных типа заказчиков – компании из России, Китая, ЕС и Беларуси. При этом отечественных предприятий-экспортеров, которые заинтересованы в услугах логистических центров не так уж много. Такие предприятия обычно самостоятельно отправляют грузы в любую точку мира и услуги логистических центров им не нужны. Большинство крупных предприятий-импортеров также уже построили собственные складские помещения и пользуются услугами логистических провайдеров не часто. Остается рассчитывать на переработку увеличивающегося транзитного грузопотока из России, Китая и ЕС.
Тогда в чем же дело, ведь логистический аутсорсинг в мире пользуется большим спросом из-за высокой экономии на логистичесиких издержках на предприятии, а у нас экономия составляет 2–5%. Попробуем расставить все точки над «и» в следующем пункте.
2.2.2 Проблемы развития логистического аутсорсинга в Республике Беларусь
В Республике Беларусь логистический аутсорсинг стал развиваться совсем недавно, в то время как за рубежом практикуется уже давно, чаще всего – в сфере сбыта и распределения готовой продукции. Согласно прогнозам специалистов, в ближайшие годы он станет наиболее заметным сегментом рынка в области логистических услуг.
К основным трудностям, с которыми сталкиваются предприятия на рынке логистических услуг в Беларуси, относят:
- неравномерное размещение логистических провайдеров по терри-тории страны сужает зоны охвата услугами. Наиболее интенсивно обеспечивается строительство логистических центров в Минской области. Основной их задачей является переработка потоков товаров для белорусских потребителей. Обслуживание же транзитных потоков из ЕС в страны Таможенного союза, которые более мощные и перспективные, начинается на границах. Неразвитость логистической инфраструктуры на польско-белорусской границе тормозит развитие мультимодальных перевозок по II транспортному коридору. Создание конкурирующих логистических центров в Польше, планы строительства которых уже озвучиваются специалистами, угрожает существенно сократить объемы;
- государственным предприятиям переходу на аутсорсинг зачастую мешает инертность мышления руководства или несамостоятельность в принятии стратегических решений. Отечественные предприятия исторически привыкли полагаться исключительно на себя – худо-бедно вырастили собственных специалистов, сформировали автопарки, построили или арендовали склады;
- не соответствие рекламируемого и реального уровня сервиса у посредника, что связано, прежде всего, с тенденцией строительства под видом логистических центров просто складов большой площади, не увязанных в общую систему. Соответственно функционал склада и логистического центра значительно отличается;
- неразвитость рынка ЗРL-услуг в Республике Беларусь. Отечественный рынок логистического аутсорсинга широко представлен 2PL-провайдерами с «примитивными» для современной логистики услугами, фактически не позволяет добиться минимизации логистических издержек, передавая логистику на аусорсинг логистическим операторам, логистические затраты в конечной цене товара остается стабильно высокими [18, с. 96-101].
- недостатки стратегического менеджмента, проявляющиеся в неумении правильно считать издержки – даже когда логисты предприятия честно пытаются оптимизировать стоимость по каждой отдельной услуге, деньги начинают теряться на стыках этапов; при этом также страдает обеспечение сроков, бесперебойность, качество, надежность, сохранность и ответственность по возникающим рискам [40, с. 44];
- несовершенствование в отношении логистики Таможенного кодекса Таможенного союза (TK ТС). Грузы, идущие из третьих стран в Россию и Казахстан, не могут быть расстаможены на территории Беларуси, они должны расстамаживаться в той стране, резидентом которой является грузовладелец. Хотя большинство российских и казахстанских грузовладельцев желают передавать растаможку своих грузов на аутсорсинг в белорусские логистические центры. Ведь работа таможенных органов в Беларуси более прозрачна, качество услуг, оказываемых таможенными органами значительно выше, чем в России и Казахстане;
- действующая разрешительная система в рамках Таможенного союза. Это означает, что сегодня водителю для выполнения перевозок нужно иметь разрешения на право въезда и транзитного проезда. Так, белорусскому автоперевозчику, чтобы попасть в Россию с грузом из третьей страны, тоже нужно иметь разрешение. Такие разрешения выдает российская сторона. Но Россия ограничивает их выдачу, защищая интересы собственных автоперевозчиков. Иногда российской стороной создаются даже более льготные режимы перевозчикам из третьих стран, чем белорусским. Россия и Казахстан к отмене такой системы еще не готовы [27, с. 132];

Результаты (английский) 1:

Processing of export-import cargoes, as well as transit cargo established logistics centres allows significant reduce logistics costs in the final price of the goods. Nevertheless, Belarus transferring logistics functions to outsource logistics centres not yet can significantly minimize logistics costs, savings of 2-5%. Representatives of the retail network in Belarus, use their own distribution centers, are already talking about reducing logistic costs at 5-10% [2, p. 28-33].Now the Belarusian logistics centers dominated by four main types of customers are companies from Russia, China, the EU and Belarus. While domestic enterprises-exporters who are interested in the services of logistics centres not so much. Such enterprises are usually independently send goods anywhere in the world and the logistics centres services they don't need. Most large enterprises-importers have also built their own warehouses and use the services of logistics providers are not common. Count on increasing processing remains a transit cargo from Russia, China and the EU. Then what's the point, after all, a logistics outsourcing in the world is in great demand due to high savings on logističesikih costs in the enterprise, and we have savings of 2-5%. Try to dot the "I" in the following paragraph.2.2.2 the development problems of logistics outsourcing in the Republic of BelarusIn the Republic of Belarus logistics outsourcing only recently began to develop while abroad has been practiced for a long time, usually in the sphere of marketing and distribution of the finished product. Under forecasts of experts, in the next few years he would become the most notable segment of the market in the field of logistics services. The main difficulties faced by enterprises in the market of logistical services in Belarus, include:-uneven distribution of logistics provider on the territory of the country narrows the coverage zone. The most intensely is provided by the construction of logistic centers in Minsk region. Their main task is processing the flow of goods to the Belarusian consumers. Maintenance of the same transit flows from the EU to the countries of the Customs Union, which is more powerful and far-reaching, begins at the borders. Undeveloped logistical infrastructure on the Polish-Belarusian border hinders the development of multimodal transport corridor II. Creating competing logistics centres in Poland, plans for the construction of which had already voiced by experts, threatens to significantly reduce volume;-public enterprises transition to outsourcing often hampered by mental inertia guidance or dependent in strategic decision-making. Domestic enterprises have historically accustomed to rely solely on themselves somehow grown in-house expertise, formed the fleet, built or rented warehouses;-do not match the advertised and real level of service with an intermediary that is primarily with the trend of the construction under the guise of logistic centres simply warehouses of the big square, not linked into the overall system. Accordingly, the functionality of the warehouse and Logistics Centre was significantly different;-weak market ZRL-services in the Republic of Belarus. Domestic market logistics outsourcing 2PL is widely represented service providers with "primitive" for modern logistics services without actually allows to achieve the minimizing logistics costs, transferring logistics for ausorsing logistics operators, logistics costs in the final price of the goods remains steady [18, pp. 96-101].-disadvantages of strategic management, inability to properly consider the costs-even when logistics enterprise honestly try to optimize the cost for each individual service, money starts to get lost on the joints; It also suffers from continuity, timing, ensuring quality, reliability, safety and responsibility to emerging risks [40, s. 44];-nesoveršenstvovanie with respect to the logistics of the customs code of the Customs Union (TK). Goods coming from third countries to Russia and Kazakhstan cannot be rasstamoženy on the territory of Belarus, they should rasstamaživat′sâ in the country of residence of the owner. Although the majority of Russian and Kazakh cargo owners wish to transmit customs clearance of their cargoes to outsource logistics centers in Belarus. Because the work of customs authorities in Belarus more transparent, the quality of the services provided by the Customs authorities is much higher than in Russia and Kazakhstan;-the current licensing system within the framework of the Customs Union. This means that today the driver to perform transport services need to have the right to enter and transit. So, the Belarusian avtoperevozčiku to get into Russia with a cargo of third countries also need to have permission. Such authorization gives out the Russian side. But Russia restricting their extradition, protecting the interests of their own road hauliers. Sometimes the Russian side creates even more preferential regimes to carriers from third countries than Belarusian. Russia and Kazakhstan for the abolition of such a system not yet ready [27, p. 132];

Результаты (английский) 2:

Processing of export and import goods, as well as transit traffic created logistics centers can significantly reduce logistics costs in the final price of goods. Nevertheless it, in Belarus, the transfer of logistics functions outsourced logistics centers is not can significantly minimize logistics costs, savings of 2-5%. Representatives of the retail network in Belarus, using its own distribution centers, are already talking about lowering logistics costs by 5-10% [2, p. 28-33].
Now the Belarusian logistics centers is dominated by four major types of customers - companies from Russia, China, the EU and Belarus. At the same time domestic exporting enterprises who are interested in the services of logistics centers is not too much. Such companies usually send their own loads anywhere in the world of logistics centers and services they do not need. Most of the major companies importing also has built its own warehouses and logistics service providers are not common. It is necessary to rely on the processing of the increasing transit traffic from Russia, China and the EU.
Then what's the matter, because the logistics outsourcing in the world is in great demand because of the high savings logistichesikih costs in the enterprise, and we have savings of 2-5%. Let's try to dot the "i" in the next section.
2.2.2 Problems of logistics outsourcing in Belarus
In Belarus, logistics outsourcing has been developing recently, while abroad has been practiced for a long time, most of all - in the field of marketing and distribution finished product. According to forecasts, in the next few years it will become the most visible segment of the market in the field of logistics.
The main difficulties faced by companies in the logistics market in Belarus include:
- uneven distribution logistics providers Terri-tory of the country narrows the zone coverage. The most intensive construction of logistics centers is provided in the Minsk region. Their main task is the processing of the flow of goods to the Belarusian consumers. Service also transit flows from the EU to the countries of the Customs Union, which are more powerful and promising start on the borders. Underdeveloped logistic infrastructure on the Polish-Belarusian border hinders the development of multimodal transport along the transport corridor II. Creating a competitive logistics centers in Poland, plans for which have already been voiced by experts, threatens to substantially reduce the volume;
- public enterprises move to outsource often prevents inertia or lack of independence of thought leadership in strategic decision making. Domestic enterprises have historically come to rely solely on themselves - somehow grow their own experts, formed the fleet, built or rented warehouses;
- does not match the advertised and the actual level of service with an intermediary, which is associated primarily with the trend of the construction under the guise of logistics centers just warehouses a large area is not linked to the overall system. Accordingly, the functional warehouse and logistics center is very different;
- underdeveloped market ZRL services in Belarus. The domestic market of logistics outsourcing is widely represented 2PL-providers from "primitive" to modern logistics services, actually allows for the minimization of logistics costs, passing on ausorsing logistics logistics operators, logistics costs in the final price of goods remains high [18, p. 96-101].
- Lacks strategic management, manifested in the inability to properly consider the costs - even when logistics enterprise honestly trying to optimize the cost of each service, start to lose money at the junction of the stages; It also suffers from the timing software, continuity, quality, reliability, integrity and responsibility on emerging risks [40, p. 44];
- nesovershenstvovanie against the logistics of the Customs Code of the Customs Union (TK TC). Cargo coming from third countries to Russia and Kazakhstan Customs passed can not be on the territory of Belarus, they should rasstamazhivatsya in the country of residence of the Shipper. While most Russian and Kazakh cargo owners wish to transfer their cargo customs clearance outsourced logistics centers in Belarus. After all, the work of customs authorities in Belarus is more transparent, the quality of services provided by the customs authorities is much higher than in Russia and Kazakhstan;
- the current licensing system within the Customs Union. This means that today the driver to perform transport need to have permission for the right of entry and transit. Thus, the Belarusian road carriers to get into Russia with a cargo from a third country, also need to have a permit. Such permits are issued by the Russian side. But Russia limits their issue, defending the interests of their own haulers. Sometimes the Russians are even more preferential treatment to carriers from third countries than Belarus. Russia and Kazakhstan to the cancellation of such a system is not yet ready [27, p. 132];

Результаты (английский) 3:

processing of import and export goods and transit cargo traffic, established the logistic centres can significantly reduce logistics costs in the price of the goods. nevertheless,in belarus, the logistics functions to outsourcing the logistics centres while substantially minimizing the logistics costs, the savings is a 2-5%.the online demo in belarus, using their own distribution centers are already talking about reducing logistics costs in 5 to 10% [2,. 28 - 33].now belarusian logistics centers are four basic types of customers are companies from china, russia, the eu, and belarus. the domestic enterprises exportingwho are interested in the services of logistics centers, not so much. these enterprises usually independently send goods anywhere in the world, logistics centres and services they need.the majority of large enterprises - importers also already built own warehouses, and enjoy the services of logistics providers don't often.still rely on processing the growing transit freight traffic from russia, china and the eu. - then what is it,because of logistics outsourcing in the world, is in great demand because of the high rate of savings in the логистичесиких costs in the enterprise, we have the savings is a 2-5%.try to set the record straight in the next paragraph.
the development problems of logistics outsourcing in the republic of belarus
in the republic of belarus, logistics outsourcing has been developed recently.while abroad is long, often is in the area of marketing and distribution of the finished products. according to experts' forecasts.in the next few years, he will be the most visible segment of the market in the field of logistics services.
the main difficulties faced by the enterprises in the market of logistics services in belarus are:.- uneven placement of logistics providers to terry torii country narrows the area coverage. the most intense is the construction of logistics centers in the minsk region.their main task is the processing flow of goods for belarusian customers. the service's transit flows from the eu to the countries of the customs union, which more powerful and promising.begins at the border. lack of logistics infrastructure in the polish belarussian border constrains the development of multimodal transport corridor ii.the competing plans for the construction of logistics centers in poland, which has been cited by threatening to substantially reduce;.- public enterprises transition to outsourcing often prevents inertia of thinking guidance or несамостоятельность in strategic decision-making.domestic enterprises have historically used to rely on itself is thin, poorly developed in-house expertise, formed the in built or leased warehouses;.is not the line exchange and the real level of service with an intermediary, that is, first of all, with the trend of the construction of logistics centers just stores a great squarenot anchored in the common system. accordingly, the functionality of the warehouse and logistics centre differed significantly;
- market development зрL services in the republic of belarus.the domestic market of logistics outsourcing is presented 2PL providers "примитивными» for modern logistics services, in fact not allows to minimize the logistics costwith the logistics in the аусорсинг logistics operators, logistics costs in the price of the goods has remained stable at a high level (18). 96 - 101).
- weaknesses of strategic managementthrough having right to costs, even when логисты enterprises honestly trying to optimize the cost for each individual service, money to be lost at the joints phases.it also has the timing, security, quality, reliability, safety and responsibility risks [40,. 44].- несовершенствование on logistics, the customs code, the customs union (tk ts). goods coming from third countries to russia and kazakhstan, may not be расстаможены in belarusthey should расстамаживаться resident in the country, which is the cargo owner.although the majority of russian and kazakh cargo owners wishing to transmit растаможку their goods in an outsourcing logistics centres. because the work of customs authorities in belarus more transparentthe quality of the service provided by the customs authorities are significantly higher than those in russia and kazakhstan;
- the approval system under the customs union. this meanstoday, the driver to meet transport needs to have permits for entry and transit. so, the belarusian an autocarrier transporting to russia with the goods from a third countryhave to have a permit. such permission by the russian side. but russia restricts their extradition, protecting the interests of their own drivers.sometimes, the russian side has even more preferential regimes carriers from third countries, belarus. russia and kazakhstan to the abolition of this system are not yet ready [27,. 132);.