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Econometrics (page 7)Economists like to make theories. they theories about why poland ", for example, or what causes unemployment. but theories are not useful if you cannot test them. this is true for all sciences, and the same for economics.to test a theory, you first need to gather all the call with empirical evidence. That´s evidence that can be measured, like money spent or babies born. when you have collected evidence, you´re ready to do the math and statistics to test your theory. Economists call their maths econometrics.Let´s take an example. imagine that you want to find out why some people save more money than others. you may think that this depends on two things: how much they earn (and income) and how happy they generally are about saving money. we can express your theory as an econometric formula:a lot of = the income amount x their happiness to saveof course, we can´t measure happiness to save people, but with econometric mathematics we can give it a value. then we can see how that value differs between groups of people or cultures. Econometrics is about finding relationships between variables - in other words relationships between values that change. Economists try to find out if variable a changes every time value of b changes. they want to find out if the variable a is dependent on variable b. this is called analysis, and there are two main kinds of econometric analysis, time series analysis and cross sectional analysis.time series analysis shows how variable change over a period of time. how salaries increased over the last century, for example. cross sectional analysis compares variables at one point in the time. the salaries of men compared to women right now, for example. of course, economists like to make things more complicated than that. sometimes they combine cross sectional with time series analysis, and this is called panel data analysis.as we said earlier, econometrics is good for testing economic theories. however, there is also a practical side to econometrics. the same maths and statistics are used by governments and business managers, as well as academics.Econometrics can help governments and companies find out how well they are doing. with the data from all the other, they can make better decisions and plan better for the future.
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