The well is a hole drilled in the e

The well is a hole drilled in the earth for the purpose of finding or producing crude oil or natural
gas; or providing services related to the production of crude oil or natural gas. Also, an oil
well can be described as a pipeline reaching from the top of the ground to the oil producing
formation. Through this pipe, oil and gas are brought to the surface. Wells are normally drilled with
a drilling rig in stages, starting with a surface hole drilled to reach a depth anywhere from 60 to 400
meters.
The drillers then pull out the drill string and insert steel pipe, called surface casing, which is cemented
in place to keep the wall from caving in. The casing – tubular steel pipe connected by threads and
couplings-lines the total length of the well bore1 to ensure safe control of production and to prevent
water entering the wellbore and to keep the rock formations from “sloughing” into the wellbore. The
second step is the installation of the production tubing. Tubing is a steel pipe smaller in diameter than
the production casing. It is lowered into the casing and held in place by packers which also isolate
the production layers of rock.
Tubing
The tubing hangs from a surface installation called the wellhead. The wellhead includes valves,
chokes and pressure gages and makes it possible to regulate production from the well. The third
step is to perforate the well. The casing prevents the hole from collapsing, but it also prevents the
oil or gas from entering the wellbore. Therefore, holes are made through the casing and into the
formation. This is usually accomplished with an explosive device that is lowered into the well on an
electrical wireline to the required depth. This device, a collection of explosive charges, is called a
perforating gun2.
Producing oil and gas from the well. Gas generally flows to the wellbore under its own pressure.
As a result, most gas wells are equipped only with chokes and valves to control the flow through
the wellhead into a pipeline. When the wellhead pressure is less than the pipeline pressure, a
compressor is installed to boost the low-pressure gas into the pipeline.
The production of crude oil is more complicated. Crude oil has larger molecules and moves through
rocks less easily. The percentage of the oil in the reservoir that can be produced naturally, called
the recovery factor, is determined by a large number of elements. These include the density of the
oil, the viscosity, the porosity and permeability of the rock, the pressure in the oil reservoir and the
pressure of other fluids such as gas and water in the reservoir.
Pumping. While some oil wells contain enough pressure to push oil to the surface, most oil wells
drilled today require pumping. This is also known as artificial lift. If a well requires it, a pump is lowered
down the tubing to the bottom of the well on a string of steel rods, referred to as the rod string.
The rod string conveys power to the pump either by rotating or moving up and down, depending on
the type of pump employed. Submersible pumps3are used on some wells.
Well stimulation. In many oil and gas wells, one additional step is required- stimulating the formation
by physical or chemical means so that the hydrocarbons can move more easily to the wellbore
through the pores or fractures in the reservoir. This is usually done before installing a pump or when
the pump is removed for maintenance.
One form of stimulation- acidizing is the injection of acids under pressure into the rock formation
through the production tubing and perforations. This creates channels beyond the perforations for
oil and gas to flow back to the well. Fracturing or fracing is another common method of stimulation.
A fluid such as water or an oil product is pumped down the hole under sufficient pressure to create
cracks (fractures) in the formation.
Proppant- a hard substance such as sand, ceramics or resin-coated material - in injected with the
fluid. As the fluid disperses, the material remains to prop open the fracture.

Результаты (английский) 1:

The well is a hole pre-drilled in the earth for the purpose of finding or are crude oil or naturalgas; or providing services related to the production of crude oil or natural gas. Also, an oilmost can be described as a pipeline reaching from the top of the ground to the oil areformation. Through this pipe, oil and gas are brought to the surface. Wells are normally are pre-drilled witha drilling rig in stages, starting with a surface hole pre-drilled to reach a depth of anywhere from 60 to 400meters.The drillers then pull out the drill string and insert steel pipe, the so-called surface casing, which is cementedin place to keep the wall from caving in. The casing is tubular steel pipe connected by threads andcouplings-lines the total length of the well bore1 to ensure safe control of production and to preventwater entering the wellbore and to keep the rock formations from sloughing into the wellbore. Thethe second step is the installation of the production tubing. Tubing is a steel pipe smaller in diameter thanthe production casing. It is lowered into the casing and held in place by packers which also isolatethe production layers of rock.TubingThe tubing hangs from a surface installation called the wellhead. The wellhead includes valves,chokes and pressure gages and makes it possible to regulate production from the well. The thirdstep is to perforate the well. The casing prevents the hole from collapsing, but it also prevents theoil or gas from entering the wellbore. Therefore, holes are made through the casing and into theformation. This is usually accomplished with an explosive device that is lowered into the well on anelectrical wireline to the required depth. This device, a collection of explosive charges, is called aperforating gun2.Are oil and gas from the well. Generally flows to the gas wellbore under its own pressure.As a result, most gas wells are equipped only with chokes and valves to control the flow throughthe wellhead into a pipeline. When the wellhead pressure is less than the pipeline pressure, acompressor is installed to boost the low-pressure gas into the pipeline.The production of crude oil is more complicated. Crude oil has larger molecules and moves throughrocks less easily. The percentage of the oil in the reservoir that can be mass-produced naturally, the so-calledthe recovery factor, is determined by a large number of elements. These include the density of theoil the viscosity, the porosity and permeability of the rock, the pressure in the oil reservoir and thepressure of other fluids such as gas and water in the reservoir.Pumping. While some oil wells contain enough pressure to push the oil to the surface, most oil wellspre-drilled today require pumping. This is also known as artificial lift. If it requires a well, a pump is lowereddown the tubing to the bottom of the well on a string of steel rods, referred to as the rod string.The rod string conveys power to the pump either by rotating or moving up and down, depending onthe type of pump employed. Pumps3are submersible used on some wells.Well stimulation. In many oil and gas wells, one additional step is required-stimulating the formationby physical or chemical means so that the hydrocarbons can move more easily to the wellborethrough the pores or fractures in the reservoir. This is usually done before installing a pump or whenthe pump is removed for maintenance.One form of stimulation-acidizing is the injection of acids under pressure into the rock formationthrough the production tubing and perforations. This creates channels beyond the perforations foroil and gas to flow back to the well. Fracturing or fracing is another common method of stimulation.A fluid such as water or an oil product is pumped down the hole under sufficient pressure to createcracks (fractures) in the formation.Proppant-a hard substance such as sand, ceramics or resin-coated material-in injected with thefluid. As the fluid disperses, the material remains to prop open the fracture.

Результаты (английский) 2:

A well is a of The hole drilled in the earth for the purpose of Finding or producing of crude oil or natural
gas; or providing services related to the production of crude oil or natural gas. Also, an oil
a well the BE CAN Described as with a Reaching a pipeline from the top of the ground to the oil producing of
Formation. Through this pipe, oil and gas are brought to the surface. At Wells are Normally drilled with
a the drilling the rig in Stages, starting with a surface hole drilled to their reach a depth Anywhere from 60 to 400
meters.
Of The Drillers the then a pull out the drill: string and the insert steel a pipe, Called surface casing a, the which is cemented
in PLACE to keep the wall from caving in. Casing a of The - tubular steel a pipe the connected by threads and
couplings-lines the total the length of the a well bore1 to the ensure safe control of a production and to Prevent
water Entering the the wellbore and to the keep the rock Formations from "sloughing off" Into the the wellbore. Of The
: second step is the installation of a production the the tubing. Is a steel Tubing a pipe Products smaller in diameter than
the casing a a production. Is lowered Into It the casing a PLACE and Held in the which Also by packers isolate
the a production the layers of rock.
Tubing
of The the tubing hangs from a surface installation Called the wellhead. Wellhead includes valves of The,
Chokes and pressure gages and IT Makes Possible to Regulate a production from the a well. THIRD, of The
step is to Perforate the a well. Prevents the casing a of The hole from collapsing, But IT Also Prevents the
oil or gas from the Entering the wellbore. Therefore, holes are made through the casing a and Into the
Formation. Is an accomplished Usually This with an explosive device That is lowered Into the a well on an
electrical wireline to the required depth. Device This, a collection of explosive charges, is Called a
Perforating gun2.
Producing oil and gas from a well the. Generally Flows to by Gas the wellbore under the pressure its' own.
Of As a of result, are most gas Wells are equipped only with Chokes and valves to control the flow through
the wellhead a Into a pipeline. The wellhead pressure for When is less See than the pressure a pipeline, a
compressor is installed to the boost the of low-pressure gas Into the a pipeline.
Of The a production of crude oil is more Complicated. Has larger oil, Crude Molecules and moves through
rocks less See Easily. PERCENTAGE of the of The oil in the reservoir That the BE CAN Produced Naturally, Called
the recovery factor, is a determined by a large number of the elements. The include the density for These of the
oil, the Viscosity, the Porosity and permeability of the rock, the pressure in the oil reservoir and the
pressure of fluids such as with OTHER gas and water in the reservoir.
Pumping. Some oil Wells a While the contain enough pressure to the push oil to the surface, are most oil Wells
drilled today has been the require pumping. This is also known as artificial lift. The If a a well the requires IT, a pump is lowered
down the the tubing to the bottom of the a well on a: string of steel rods, Referred to as with the rod: string.
Of The rod: string conveys power to the pump an either by rotating or the moving up closeup and down, on depending
the of the type of pump employed Have. USED on pumps3are Submersible some Wells.
The Well stimulation. MANY oil and with In gas Wells, one's Additional step is required- stimulating the Formation
by Physical or chemical Means That the SO CAN Hydrocarbons the move to the more Easily the wellbore
through the pores or Fractures in the reservoir. Usually done The is This the before installing a pump or the when
the pump is removed for maintenance.
The One The form of stimulation- acidizing is the injection of Acids under pressure Into the rock Formation
through the tubing and the a production perforations. Creates the channels to beyond This perforations for the
oil and gas to flow back to the a well. Or fracing is Fracturing another common all method of stimulation.
A fluid such as with water or an oil product product is Pumped down the hole under the sufficient pressure to the create
cracks (Fractures) in the Formation.
Proppant- a Substance of hard such as with sand, ceramics or resin- material coated - in injected with the
fluid. As the fluid disperses, the material remains to prop open the fracture.

Результаты (английский) 3:

the well is a hole drilled in the earth for the purpose of finding and producing crude oil or naturalgas; or providing services related to the production of crude oil or natural gas. also, an oilwell can be described as a pipeline reaching from the top of the ground to the oil producingformation. through this pipe, oil and gas are brought to the surface. wells are normally drilled witha drilling rig in stages, starting with a surface hole drilled to reach a depth anywhere from 60 to 400meters.the drillers then pull out the drill string and insert steel pipe, and the surface casing, which is cementedin place to keep the wall from caving in. the casing is tubular steel pipe connected by threads andcouplings - lines the total length of the well bore1 to ensure safe control of production and to preventwater entering the wellbore and to keep the rock began from "sloughing" into the wellbore. thesecond step is the installation of the production tubing. tubing is smaller in diameter than a steel pipethe production casing. it is lowered into the casing and held in place by packers which also isolatethe production layers of rock.tubingthe tubing hangs from a surface installation in the wellhead. the wellhead includes valves.chokes and pressure gages and makes it possible to regulate production from the well. the thirdstep is to perforate free. the casing prevents the hole from collapsing, but it also prevents theoil or gas from entering the wellbore. therefore, holes are made through the casing and into theformation. this is usually accomplished with an explosive device that is lowered into the well on anelectrical wireline to the required depth. in this device, a collection of explosive charges, is called aperforating gun2.producing oil and gas from the well. gas generally flows to the wellbore under its own pressure.as a result, most gas wells are equipped only with chokes and valves to control the flow throughthe wellhead into a pipeline. when the wellhead pressure is less than the back pressure, acompressor is installed to boost the low - pressure gas into the pipeline.the production of crude oil is more complicated. Crude oil has larger molecules and moves through.rocks less easily. the percentage of the oil in the reservoir that can be produced naturally, andthe recovery factor, is determined by a large number of elements. these include the density of thewith the viscosity, the porosity and permeability of the rock, the pressure in the oil reservoir and thepressure of other fluids such as gas and water in the reservoir.Pumping. while some oil wells contain enough pressure to push oil to the surface, most oil wellsdrilled today require pumping. this is also known as artificial lift. if a well is it, a pump is loweredthe tubing down to the bottom of the well on a string of steel rods, referred to as the www.addic7ed.com string.the www.addic7ed.com string conveys power to the pump either by rotating or moving up and down between onthe type of pump employed. Submersible pumps3are used on some wells.well stimulation. in many oil and gas wells, one additional step is required - stimulating the formationby physical or chemical means so that the hydrocarbons can move more easily to the wellborethrough the pores or fractures in the reservoir. this is usually done before installing a pump or whenthe pump is removed for maintenance.one form of stimulation - acidizing is the injection of acids under pressure into the rock formationthrough the production tubing and perforations. this creates channels beyond the perforations foroil and gas to flow back to the hotel. Fracturing or fracing is another common method of stimulation.a fluid such as water or an oil product is pumped down the hole under sufficient pressure to createno (fractures) in the formation.Proppant - a hard substance such as sand, ceramics or resin - coated material in injected with thefluid. as the fluid disperses, the material remains to prop open the fracture.