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EXPERT SYSTEMS In Europe, the development of information technology is used to achieve the objectives of telemedicine. Most laboratory and radiological equipment is computerized, is provided by the concept of integration of information systems that can improve the efficiency of diagnosis and treatment. The data sources for teleradiology systems are computed tomography, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, digital X-ray, computed radiography. State programs on telemedicine covers the area of databases (NUCLEUS-multimedia dossier patient, EMDIS-European Information System on the bone marrow donor, EPIC-European model of treatment, FEST-knowledge base for European services of telemedicine), telecommunications infrastructure (ISAAC-integrated telecommunications system , SHINE-strategic health information network in Europe), content service programs specific population groups (elderly, cripples, etc..) or certain situational problems (accident, etc.). Since 1988, in Europe, work began on the AIM program on introduction of modern information technologies in medicine. The company introduced an expert system ATL HDI 5000, providing image processing at a rate of 14 billion. Operations per second with a dynamic range of 150 dB, which allows us to observe a clear color image of blood flow. The system is equipped with intelligent adaptive system tuning, system optimization options, provides three-dimensional images of blood vessels. In Russia there are expert systems for orthopedics. Their success is determined by the degree of precise understanding of real medical-technical processes. The system is combined with multimedia devices. A number of intelligent systems allow to take into account the opinion of the physician (DIAGEN), implement adjustment mechanism "weights" signs introduced coefficients "confidence" and others. Such systems provide options for solutions, "soft decision", "tough choices" and et al. Experience Children's telemedicine consultation system in Russia with the help of the Central Research Institute "Center" and the Department of Pediatric Surgery, Russian State Medical University contributed to improve the skills of pediatricians of the country. Designed expert diagnostic system for monitoring the condition of the newborn, pharmaceuticals, clinical diagnostics, thyroid, and others. In the practice of medicine is used technology of simulation of dynamic modeling for the diagnosis, particularly elektrovibrostimulyatsii spinal column. Multimedia technologies are used in the creation of information-diagnostic and training systems. The CITO im.N. N. Priorov with the participation of STC "New Medical Technologies" multimedia systems work with experts in related disciplines. The systems use a PC type Pentium, SVGA monitor, 4 MB RAM, Windows 95. In Russia, rather intensively developing local medical information systems (MIS) and the network. It is now widely used in the practice of medicine computerized medical history terms and classification systems. An important role is played by the language of communication between databases and terminology. On the agenda is the establishment of a regional, and then global MIS. The development of information technologies and modern communications, the appearance in clinics of a large number of automated medical devices, tracking systems, and individual computers have led to a new round interest and a significant increase in the number of medical information systems (MIS) clinics, where, as in the large medical centers with large flows of information and health centers medium-sized and even small clinics or medical offices. In the US alone cost clinics in the area are about 8.5 billion. USD. Per year, and estimated costs expected to rise to 12-14 bln. Dollars. In connection with the planned upgrading or replacing outdated MIS. The modern concept of information systems involves Association of electronic records for patients (electronic patient records) archives medical images and financial information, monitoring data from medical devices, the results of laboratory and automated tracking systems, the availability of modern means of communication (e-mail address hospital, Internet, video conferencing, etc. ). According to the staff of the American Institute of Medical Records (Medical Records Institute, USA), in fact, can be identified 5 different levels of computerization for the MIS. The first levels are MIS automated medical records. This layer is characterized by the fact that only about 50% of the patient information is entered into a computer system and its various forms is given to users in the form of reports. In other words, this computer system is a kind of automated environment around the "paper" technology of the patient. These automated systems typically include patient registration, discharge, hospital transfers, enter diagnostic information, appointments, operations, financial matters go hand in hand "paperwork" and serve primarily to various types of statements. The second level MIS is a system of computerized medical records (Computerized Medical Record System). At this level of development of MIS those medical records that had not previously been made in the electronic memory (above all we are talking about information on the diagnostic tool received in the form of various
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