Свой классический смысл термин лобб

Свой классический смысл термин лоббизм получил в Америке XIX века. Традиция лоббизма уходит корнями в годы президентства Улиса С. Гранта (1869-1877), прославившегося в гражданскую войну генерала, изображенного на 50 долларовой банкноте. Вечерами 18-й американский президент и его команда часто отдыхали в лобби гостиницы Willard, где заинтересованные лица могли изложить им свои взгляды о пользе того или иного решения.
С 1946 года деятельность лоббистов в США регламентирована законодательством. В соответствии с Законом 1946 года (Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act) лоббист обязан: во-первых, зарегистрироваться, а во-вторых, четырежды в год представлять соответствующим органам свой финансовый отчет.
Поправка Бёрда, запрещает использовать в лоббистских целях федеральные средства - организация, которая является получателем средств федерального бюджета (например, в виде гранта) и ни один из ее сотрудников не имеют права заниматься лоббизмом.
Закон 1995 года (Lobbying Disclosure Act) строго лимитировал финансовые взаимоотношения с законодателями. По этому закону законодатель не имеет права получать из одного и того же источника подарки на сумму более 100 долларов в год. Гонорар за публичное выступление не может составлять более 2000 долларов.

Результаты (английский) 1:

His classic sense of the term lobbying in America in the 19th century. The tradition of lobbying is rooted in years of Presidency Mkhitaryan worthy s. grant (1869-1877), famous for civil war generals, depicted on the 50 dollar banknote. Evenings of 18-th us President and his team often rested in the lobby of the Willard, where interested persons to express their views on the benefits of a solution.Since 1946, the activities of lobbyists in the United States is regulated by law. In accordance with the law of 1946 year (Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act) a lobbyist must: first, register, and the second, four times annually to the relevant bodies of its financial report. Amendment Bird, prohibits the use in lobbying for federal funds-an organization that is the recipient of federal funds (for example, in the form of a grant) and any of its employees do not have the right to engage in lobbying. Act of 1995 (the Lobbying Disclosure Act) to strictly limit financial relationships with legislators. Under this law, the legislature has no right to obtain from the same source of gifts worth more than $ 100 a year. The fee for public speaking may not be more than 2000 dollars.

Результаты (английский) 2:

Its classic sense of the term lobbying in America got the XIX century. The tradition has its roots lobbying during the presidency of Ulysses S. Grant (1869-1877), who became famous during the Civil War general, shown in 50 dollar bill. In the evening of the 18th US president and his team often rested in the hotel lobby Willard, where interested parties can express their views to them about the benefits of a decision.
Since 1946, the activities of lobbyists in the US is regulated by law. In accordance with the Law of 1946 (Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act) lobbyist must: first, create, and secondly, four times a year to the relevant bodies of its financial report.
Byrd Amendment prohibits the use of federal funds to lobby - organization that is a recipient of the federal budget (for example, in the form of a grant) and any of its employees do not have the right to engage in lobbying.
Act 1995 (Lobbying Disclosure Act) is strictly limited to financial relationships with legislators. Under this law, the legislator has no right to receive from the same source of gifts valued at more than $ 100 a year. Honorarium for speaking in public can not be more than $ 2,000.

Результаты (английский) 3:

Its classic meaning the term oil industry has received in America the nineteenth century. Enlarged government tradition is deeply rooted in the years presidency Улиса WITH. Grant (1869-1877), museum in the civil war, general,Shown in 50 dollar банкноте. Nights 18-and the American president and his command is often stayed in the lobby of the hotel is Harvard,