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Text 9
Ports - Means of Communication Outside
Historically ports sprung up at geographic locations of advantage, and most favorable position tor trade and prospects for future industrial development. River or sea routes promote a convenient means of transportation for cargoes, building materials, coal and oil, consumption goods and passenger traffic. There is a mutually beneficial influence of the growing port and the developing town. I he points claiming the foremost attention in laying out the port are: most convenient position, most suitable shape of the harbor and the availability of transport routes to keep the port busy . The valuable experience gained by designers in building marine structures has to be weighed against the commercial justification for this or that project. Has to design The flexible and be capable of being modified under various circumstances. Main port for landing structures are wharves or jetties. The former are built parallel to the shore and are continuous structures mostly acting as retaining walls used for berthing vessels on one side. A pier or jetty, unlike a quay, projects into the sea providing an opportunity of both- side berthing, thus doubling the berthing space for the same length of a wharf. Types of piers and their dimensions are various. The longer the pier, the wider it must be, and the width of basin must correspondingly be great to accommodate two vessels readily, one at each pier, and also give room tor the entry and departure of either. With the expansion of world trade there is an ever-pressing need to accelerate the speed of the ship turn-round, which, in turn, forces extensive modernization of port equipment and the provision of better connections both with the sea and the hinterland served by the port. Among the new cargo handling and transportation innovations mention should be made of container traffic. It is considered a profitable introduction of modern technology into the field of shipping and cargo handling. With the continuity of crane operation it guarantees saving time and expenditure.
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