Более ста лет назад итальянский вра

Более ста лет назад итальянский врач Чезаре Ломброзо создал галерею “преступных типов”. Он, например, утверждал, что покатый лоб, квадратный подбородок, грубые черты лица, длинные руки и мускулистое телосложение говорят о врожденных преступных наклонностях. Позже была доказана полная научная необоснованость этого тезиса, однако проблема склонности к прирожденной агрессии остро дискутируется и до сих пор. И в наши дни продолжаются споры о наследовании преступных качеств и о биологических предпосылках преступного поведения.В США исследователи проблем, связанных с причинами преступного поведения  начали наблюдение за близнецами. Все дети были разлучены вскоре после рождения и воспитывались в разных концах мира. Ученые исходили из предположения, что, если близнецы однояйцевые (identical twins), все различия, возникшие впоследствии, следует отнести за счет разной cоциальной среды обитания. Однако, исследования показали, что различия между детьми, воспитанными раздельно, и близнецами, росшими в одной семье, практически отсутствуют.Другое исследование, проведенное в Дании, показало, что дети преступников, даже если их воспитывать в домах добропорядочных граждан, в большой степени склонны к конфликтам с законом.. Более того, есть все основания считать, что, если один из разлученных однояйцевых близнецов имеет судимость за уголовное преступление, второй рано или поздно тоже свернет на скользкую дорожку.Некоторые исследователи все еще придерживаются мнения, что первопричина многих видов правонарушения, в первую очередь таких тяжких,  как убийства, разбойные нападения, изнасилования и поджоги - не социальная, а биологическая. Уже в 21 веке Голландии выявили семью, в которой жестокость отца вроде бы передавалась в наследство сыновьям и внукам. Все мужчины в этой семье были преступниками, и во время исследований выяснилось, что у всех у них наличесвует некий мутирующий (mutating) ген – то есть ген насилия существует! Критики в ответ замечали: „Эти мужчины просто особенно эмоциональные и психически нестабильные, и именно поэтому так часто вступают в конфликт с законом.”Дебат так и не закончен, однако утверждать, что между склонностью к агрессии и генетическим строением вообще нет связи, было бы ошибкой. Наша способность противостоять психическим перегрузкам и травмам во многом является унаследованной. Но споры относительно того, что является главной причиной преступного поведения – воспитание или все же природа, не стихают. Кое-кому слишком тяжело расставаться с иллюзией, что вместо решения социальных проблем, в будущем с злом можно будет бороться средствами медицинской науки и окончательно искоренить его – вместе с геном насилия.

Результаты (английский) 1:

More than a hundred years ago, the Italian physician Cesare Lombroso created a gallery of "criminal types". For example, he argued that the sloping forehead, a square jaw, coarse facial features, long arms and muscular physique suggests innate criminal tendencies. 

Later it was proved full scientific invalidity of this thesis, but the problem of the innate inclination to aggression keenly debated and still. And today, the debate continues about the inheritance and criminal characteristics of the biological assumptions of criminal behavior.

In the US, researchers have problems associated with the causes of criminal behavior began to monitor the twins. All the children had been separated shortly after birth and raised in different parts of the world. Scientists have assumed that if identical twins (identical twins), all of the differences that have arisen subsequently, should be attributed to different Socio habitat. However, studies have shown that differences between children reared separately, and the twins that grew in the same family, are virtually absent.

Another study, conducted in Denmark, found that children of criminals, even if they are brought up in the homes of law-abiding citizens, are more likely to conflict with the law .. Furthermore, there is every reason to believe that, if one of the separated identical twins has a criminal record for a criminal offense, a second sooner or later, too, will turn on a slippery slope.

Some researchers are still of the opinion that the root cause of many types of offense in the first place such serious as murder, robbery, rape and arson - not social, and biological. 

Already in the 21 th century Holland found a family in which the father's brutality seems to be passed on a legacy of sons and grandsons. All the men were criminals in this family, and during the research it was found out that they all have a mutated nalichesvuet (mutating) gene - a gene that is violence there! Critics in response to remarks: "These men are just particularly emotional and mental instability, which is why so often in conflict with the law."

Debate has not finished, however, assert that between the propensity to aggression and genetic structure of all there is no connection, it would be a mistake. Our ability to withstand the mental stress and injury is largely inherited. But the debate about what is the main cause of criminal behavior - education or still nature, are not subsiding. Some people are too hard to part with the illusion that instead of solving the social problems in the future it will be possible to fight the evil of medical science means and ultimately to eliminate it - along with the gene of violence.

Результаты (английский) 2:

More than a hundred years ago, the Italian physician Cesare Lombroso created a gallery of "criminal types." He claimed, for example, that a sloping forehead, a square chin, rough facial features, long arms and a muscular physique speak of innate criminal tendencies. 

Later it was proved the complete scientific disability of this thesis, but the problem of the propensity for natural aggression is acutely debated and still. And nowadays there are still disputes about the inheritance of criminal qualities and about the biological prerequisites of criminal behavior.

In the U.S., researchers have begun monitoring the twins. All the children were separated shortly after birth and brought up in different parts of the world. Scientists assumed that if identical twins, all the differences that subsequently arose should be attributed to different regional habitats. However, studies have shown that there is little difference between children raised separately and twins who grew up in the same family.

Another study in Denmark showed that the children of criminals, even if they were brought up in the homes of decent citizens, were highly prone to conflict with the law. Moreover, there is every reason to believe that if one of the separated identical twins has a criminal record, the second sooner or later will also turn on a slippery slope.

Some researchers still hold the view that the root cause of many types of offences, particularly such as murder, robbery, rape and arson, is not social, but biological. 

Already in the 21st century Holland revealed a family in which the cruelty of the father seemed to be passed on to his sons and grandchildren. All the men in this family were criminals, and during the research it turned out that they all had some mutating gene - that is, the gene of violence exists! Critics responded by saying, "These men are just particularly emotional and mentally unstable, which is why they often come into conflict with the law."

The debate is never over, but it would be a mistake to say that there is no connection between the propensity for aggression and genetic structure at all. Our ability to withstand mental overload and trauma is largely inherited. But the debate about what is the main cause of criminal behavior - upbringing or nature, does not abate. It is too difficult for some to part with the illusion that instead of solving social problems, in the future evil can be combated by means of medical science and finally eradicate it - together with the genome of violence.

Результаты (английский) 3:

More than 100 years ago, Italian doctor chessare longbrosso created the crime type gallery. " For example, he claims that tilted forehead, square chin, thick lines of face, long hands and muscular figure all indicate the innate criminal tendency.
Later, there was no scientific basis for this argument, but the issue of inborn aggression tendency was fiercely debated and is still under discussion. Today, the debate about the inheritance of criminal nature and the biological preconditions for criminal acts continues.
In the United States, researchers on problems related to the causes of crime began looking at twins. All children are separated shortly after birth and raised around the world. The scientists hypothesized that if Gemini were the same egg, all the subsequent differences should be attributed to different social habitats. However, studies have shown that separated children are almost indistinguishable from twins in the same family.
Another study in Denmark showed that children of criminals, even if raised in the homes of good citizens, are prone to conflict with the law. In addition, there are good reasons to believe that if a separated monozygotic twin is convicted of a criminal offence, Sooner or later, the second person will also go up the landslide.
Some researchers still believe that the root causes of many types of crime, especially murder and robbery, Rape and arson are not social, but biological.
As early as the 21st century, a family was discovered in the Netherlands, in which the father's atrocities seemed to be passed on to his son and grandson. All the men in this family are criminals, and research shows that they all have some mutant gene - the violent gene! Critics replied: "these men are just particularly emotional and psychologically unstable, which is why they often conflict with the law."
The debate is not over, but it is a mistake to think that there is no link at all between aggressive tendencies and genetic structures. Our ability to withstand mental burden and trauma is largely inherited. But the debate about what is the main cause of crime - education or nature - will not stop. It's hard for some people to give up their illusions rather than solve social problems, In the future, we can use medical science to fight against evil and eliminate it completely - together with the gene of violence.