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In 1749, Rostov-on-Don town was founded with the main purpose to be a customs house. Received its settlement The name after Saint Dimitry Rostovsky. The town grew quickly and soon it became the major trading centre of the region. The Don River connected the northern and southern regions of the Russian Empire. -On-Rostov Don city became a major river port. Rostov-on-Don became the capital of the region in 1928. The previous capital of the region was Novocherkassk (Cossack capital). The city was heavily damaged during the World War II. German armies captured Rostov-on-Don twice (in 1941 and 1942). Time city is Present one of the centres of the new Russian economic growth. Rostov-on-Don occupies an area of 354 square kilometres and has a population of more than a million people. The city is situated in 1226 kilometres from Moscow. It is a junction of many important transportation routes providing the city with an access to three seas - the Black Sea, the Azov Sea and the Caspian Sea - and immediate contact with all the countries of the European part of the CIS, the Middle East and the Mediterranean. An international airport with a capacity of 4.5 billion passengers functions in the city. By 2018, it is planned to construct the Yuzhny (southern) airport - the largest international airport in the South of Russia. Rostov-on-Don is the political, economic and cultural centre of the south of Russia, with considerable industrial, banking, and scientific potential trade. The volumes of industrial production - taking in account only large and medium-sized enterprises - constitutes about 31 billion roubles a year. Almost 50 of the total% trade turnover in the region occurs in Rostov. There are over 800 objects of cultural heritage in Rostov-on-Don. Among them are 470 architectural monuments, 55 archaeological monuments and 106 objects of arts monumental and military glory. The historical centre of the city is especially rich in architectural buildings and monuments. The building constructed after architect ANPomerantsev's design - "City Duma" is unique. The building of M.Gorky Drama theatre refers to the masterpieces of world architecture. Model is kept Its in the British Museum then in London. Large industrial companies have shown significant interest in Rostov as the capital of the region's business. Include such companies These leaders in the world markets as Samsung, Canon, Panasonic, Philips, Bosch and Siemens. The investments in the construction in Rostov Region constitute about 7 billion roubles every year. The index of the newly built housing per capita is higher than the one in Moscow. The pace of By the newly built housing, Rostov occupies one of the leading positions in the Russian Federation. The project for Customs Free Zone "Southern Gates of Russia" is being implemented. The project is to consolidate the infrastructures of Rostov-on-Don and Rostov Region in order to broaden the export-import of the goods, capitals and services exchange going through the territory of Southern Russia. Rostov-on-Don is a large educational and scientific centre of Russia. It has the third largest university after Moscow and Saint-Petersburg. There are 4 theatres in Rostov-on-Don, the Don State public library (the largest in the south of Russia), SVRakhmaninov conservatoire, and various interesting exhibition halls. The Rostov-on-Don zoo opened about 80 years ago and is one of the largest in Europe. The Botanical garden of Rostov State University is considered to be one of the largest in Russia, and it occupies about 161 hectares. The city is also one of the largest jazz centres in Russia. It has turned into a tradition to conduct art festivals in Rostov-on-Don: "Donskaya vesna (spring)", "Mini-fest" and international jazz festivals.
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