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The fun-filled, trouble-free days of the 1920's came to a sudden end. In the 1930's the United States and the world faced one of the worst times in history.
In 1920s many Americans spent more money than they really had. They had bought many things, including stocks , on the installment plan.By the summer of 1929 there were symptoms of a coming depressions.Prosperous years of the first two decades of the 20th century created enough money for people to invest and speculate in the stock market.Millions of people were buying stocks in the hopes of selling them later at a higher price and taking a profit.The market rapidly grew during 1927, 1928, and 1929.Then in October stock prices started falling and on October 29, the stock market collapsed.Tuesday, October 29, 1929, was called Black Tuesday.This event marked the beginning of the greatest depression in American history which spread to every country of Europe.The panic at the New York Stock Exchange was followed by the collapse of banks, railway companies, private companies, by the closing of factories, shops, and offices. The decline in production let to decrease in jobs which let to unemployment. At unemployment spread, there were even fewer people who could buy goods.So even more factories were closed down and more workers lost their jobs.
The government organized building new roads, schools , hospitals, bridges, tunnels and dams. Under the New Deal, some young men were sent to camps in rural areas. There they worked at preserving the nation's land, forests and water. The government paid actors and musicians to put on shows.It paid artists and writers to paint and write.The government also set up a system of payments to help people who were too old to work and people who were out of work.
The New Deal helped business people and farmers . The government asked businesses to set low prices for goods and not to produce more goods than could be sold. The government paid farmers to plant less: as a result of it, food prices could rise. The government also helped farmers to keep their lands by lending them money. In the Tennessee River Valley the government constructed dams, which gave the farmers protection from floods, richer soil farming and cheap electricity.
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