Форт-Росс (англ. Fort Ross) — бывше

Форт-Росс (англ. Fort Ross) — бывшее русское поселение и деревянная крепость на побережье Северной Калифорнии (США), в 80 км к северу от Сан-Франциско, основанное Российско-американской компанией для промысла и торговли пушниной в 1812 году.
Решение о создании крепости и русского поселения в Калифорнии принял А. А. Баранов. Чтобы найти место для поселения, были предприняты две экспедиции под руководством Ивана Кускова 1808—1809 и 1811 годов. В 1811 году место было найдено в 20 милях от залива Бодега. Это маленькое открытое плато, обращенное к морю, отделялось от остальной местности несколькими глубокими ущельями, идущими в разных направлениях, так что его просто было защищать. Более того, тут размещались пастбища, рос строевой лес, были проточная вода — река Славянка (потом названная американцами Российской) и наилучший климат на побережье.

Формально этот участок принадлежал тогда испанцам, хозяйничавшим в Калифорнии, но Кусков купил его у индейцев, заплатив три одеяла, три пары штанов, два топора, три мотыги, несколько ниток бус. В 1812 году, когда на место прибыл Кусков с 25 русскими и 90 алеутами, был основан Форт-Росс. Они приехали в марте а к сентябрю крепость и деревня были построены.

Положение испанцев на тот момент в регионе было уже весьма шатким, поэтому с помощью силы прогнать русских они не могли.

Росс был самой южной русской колонией в Северной Америке и создавался как сельскохозяйственное поселение, предназначенное для снабжения Аляски продуктами питания. В первые годы компания также уделяла внимание развитию в Россе торговли пушниной, однако основой его экономики стало сельское хозяйство и мелкая промышленность.

К середине 1830-х местная популяция пушных зверей сильно сократилась, так что торговля пушниной сошла на нет. в 1841 году Росс был продан гражданину Мексики швейцарского происхождения Джону Саттеру, основателю поселения Новая Гельвеция владевшему почти 200 км2 земли в её окрестностях за 42857 руб. серебром. В счёт оплаты Саттер поставлял на Аляску пшеницу, но, по свидетельству П. Головина, так и недоплатил почти 37,5 тыс. руб.
В настоящее время это исторический парк штата Калифорния, Национальный исторический памятник США.
Единственное оригинальное строение, сохранившееся до наших дней, — дом последнего русского коменданта Ротчева — объявлено объектом исторической ценности национального значения. Остальные строения являются реконструкцией[1].

Результаты (английский) 1:

Fort Ross (Engl. Fort Ross) is the former Russian settlement and the wooden fortress on the coast of Northern California (United States), in 80 miles north of San Francisco, founded the Russian-American company for fishing and fur trading in the year 1812. Decision on creation of the fortress and the Russian settlement in California took a a sheep. To find a place for settlement, made two expeditions, under the leadership of Ivan Kuskova 1808-1809 and 1811 onwards. In 1811, the place was found in 20 miles from the Bay of Bodega. This is a small open plateau, facing towards the sea, separated from the rest of the district by several deep gorges, going in different directions, so it was just to defend. Moreover, there were pastures, forest, were infantry grew up running water is a river Slavianka (then called the American Russian) and the best climate on the coast. Formally, this area belonged to the Spaniards, hozâjničavšim in California, but the Pieces purchased it from the Indians, having paid three blankets, three pairs of pants, two axes, hoes, multiple thread three beads. In 1812, when the pieces arrived on the scene with 25 Russians and 90 aleutami, was founded by Fort-Ross. They arrived in March, and by September the Castle and a village were built. The Spaniards at that time, the region was already very shaky, so using force to drive the Russians could not. Ross was the southernmost Russian colony in North America and was designed as an agricultural village, designed to supply the Alaskan food. In the early years, the company has also paid attention to the development of the fur trade, but Rosset the Foundation of its economy was agriculture and small industry.By the mid 1830 's local population of fur-bearing animals has decreased greatly, so that the fur trade waned. in 1841, the Ross was sold to a Mexican citizen of Swiss origin, John Satteru, founder of the settlement New Helvetia Otani almost 200 km2 of land in its area for 42857 rub. Silver. In the account to pay Sutter delivered to Alaska wheat, but, according to p. Golovin and underpaid nearly 37.5 million. rub. Currently, it is a historical Park in the State of California, United States national historic landmark.The only original building surviving to the present day, is the last Russian Commandant of the Rotchev House was declared a national historic value. The remaining buildings are reconstructions [1].

Результаты (английский) 2:

Fort Ross (Eng. Fort Ross) - a former Russian settlement and a wooden fortress on the coast of Northern California (USA), 80 km north of San Francisco-based Russian-American Company for fishing and fur trade in 1812.
The decision to creating a fortress and Russian settlement in California took AA Baranov. To find a place to settle, have been two of the expedition led by Ivan Kuskova 1808-1809 and 1811's. In 1811 the site was found 20 miles from Bodega Bay. This small open plateau overlooking the sea, separated from the rest area a few deep gorges, going in different directions, so it was just to protect. Moreover, there were placed pastures, growing timber, were flowing water - river Slav (later called the American Russian) and the best climate on the coast. Formally, this plot belonged then to the Spaniards, hosted in California, but Kuskov bought it from the Indians, paying three blankets three pairs of pants, two axes, three hoes, some threads beads. In 1812, when arrived at the site pieces with 25 Russian and 90 Aleuts, was founded Fort Ross. They arrived in March and in September the castle and the village were built. The situation at the time of the Spaniards in the region was already very shaky, so with the power to banish Russian they could not. Ross was the southernmost Russian colony in North America and was created as an agricultural settlement, designed to supply Alaska food. In the early years the company has also paid attention to the development in Russia of the fur trade, but the basis of its economy was agriculture and small industry. By the mid-1830s, the local population of fur-bearing animals was strongly reduced, so that the fur trade had come to nothing. In 1841, Ross was sold to Mexican citizen of Swiss origin John Sutter, the founder of the settlement New Helvetia who owned nearly 200 km2 of land in the surrounding area of 42857 rubles. silver. In payment Sutter delivered to Alaska wheat, but, according to P. Golovin and underpaid nearly 37.5 thousand. Rub. It is currently the Historical Park of California, US National Historic Landmark. The only original structure that has survived to the present day - House last Russian commandant Rotchev - declared a historical value of national importance. The rest of the structure is a reconstruction [1].

Результаты (английский) 3:

Fort Ross (imp. Fort Ross) - a former Russian settlement and the wooden fortress on the coast of North California (USA), 80 km to the north of San Francisco,Based on relations between Russia and the US company for fishing and trade xvii in 1812 year.
The decision to establish a fortress and Russian settlements in California adopted as well. As well. Baranov. To find a place for the settlements,