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Oil and gas production begins with construction of a well or drilling operation. There are some methods of drilling, but rotary drilling is almost always used in the industry. Making holes with a rotary rig requires not only qualified personnel, but a lot of equipment as well. In order to learn about the components it is convenient to divive them into four main systems: power, hoisting, rotating and circulating.<br>Practically every rig uses an internal combustion engine as its prime power source, or its prime mover.<br>Every rig must have a hoisting system, which is made up of a drawworks (hoist), a mast or a derrick, a tne crown block, a traveling block and a wire rope.<br>Masts and derricks have to be as strong as possible. On a deep well the string may weigh as much as 225,000 kilograms (that's 225 tons). Manufacturers of derricks and masts usually rate their products in terms of vertical loads they are. Can carry and the wind load they can withstand from the side. Derrick or mast capacities for vertical loads vary from 100 up to 700 tones. Most derricks and masts can withstand a wind load of 160 to 210 kilometers per hour.
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