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CHAPTER 1THEORETICAL ASPECTSFORMATION OF OUTSOURCING1.1 Outsourcing as a factor in increasing the competitiveness of enterprisesIn today's world, companies are facing pressure from the market. Increasingly harsh competition, and it can come from both foreign companies and domestic ones that are in intricacies in the domestic market gradually evolve. Survive and succeed are those who conducts business in the most efficient way, seeking to reduce operating costs while maintaining high quality of goods and services.To successfully develop, become more competitive and attractive to investors, companies have to wonder about the effectiveness of management and reducing costs. One of the most successful business models that allow you to achieve real competitive advantages is outsourcing. According to current statistics every two out of three companies in the rating Top-100 Fortune magazine, to varying degrees, use the outsourcing model.Outsourcing (outsourcing-outsourcing, or means) is a way to optimize the activities of enterprises by concentrating on the primary subject and transfer non-core functions and corporate roles external specialised companies.This is a more formal definition, and in fact, outsourcing is an organizational decision, namely the distribution of business system functions in accordance with the principle "leave only what I can do better than others, bring an external Executive that makes it better" [40, c. 9].Widespread outsourcing can be explained in terms of the classical theory of microeconomics. Division of labour is an important principle of efficiently organized economic system. The use of the means of production, ownership of studied issues of supply and processing of raw materials, special skills and experience of the personnel, etc., allow businesses, thanks to the concentration only on certain worked business processes to achieve competitive advantage by buying part of the business process outsourcing firms have. The concept of outsourcing as a principle of the new strategy, management was established in 1963, the company "Electronic Data System (EDS), still specializing in outsourcing of information technology, or IT-outsourcing. However, the object of scientific research, outsourcing has become in only 80-90-ies. of the last century. Currently, outsourcing non-core functions of all kinds are passed: accounting, maintenance Office, translation services, transport services, rabotykomp′ûternoj support network and information infrastructure, advertising services, and security is only a small part of the over its uncredited.According to the specialists of the Institute of outsourcing (Outsourcing Institute, United States), business process outsourcing is a developing view of optimization of activity of enterprises. In economically developed countries, the majority of companies have long pass non-core activities by outsourcing-outsourcing of logistics services United States crossed more than 80% of companies in Europe-more than 60%, and in China the figure exceeds 50%. operating efficiency business. По оценкам абсолютного большинства компаний, успешное решение двухзадач: оптимизация затрат и концентрация на своих основных конкурентных преимуществах – является основным драйвером повсеместного использования стратегии аутсорсинга.Международные корпорации – лидерырынка используют более сложные варианты стратегии аутсорсинга, передавая на аутсорсинг не только непрофильные для себя бизнес-функции, нои ключевые: дизайн, разработку, производство продукта и даже управлениебрендом. На сегодняшний день именно крупные корпорации, такие как Ford,BritishPеtrolеum, Proctеr&Gamblе, Dеll,добились (за счет использования аутсорсинга) впечатляющих экономических результатов. Опыт данных компаний демонстрирует возможность получения достаточно большой выгодыот долгосрочного сотрудничества/кооперации за счет передачи определенных функций компаниям, для которых всвою очередь данные функции являются основными [10].Thus, for growth of investment attractiveness and competitiveness, companies have to develop different methods for improving efficiency and reducing costs. The disadvantage of traditional ways of forcing the use of new technologies such as outsourcing. Companies resort to outsourcing due to the complexity of business processes, in order to reduce costs, free up resources and focus on their core activities. In the world practice, emit various forms and types of outsourcing that we will discuss in the next section.
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