Если СМИ в демократической стране т

Если СМИ в демократической стране требуют лечения, то и саму страну нельзя назвать здоровой. В течение вот уже ряда лет СМИ самой мощной страны в мире "хворают". Их состояние стало понятным в 1995 году, когда в течение 18 месяцев внимание всех американских медиа было сосредоточено на убийстве жены известного футболиста. Затем они переключились на интрижку между Моникой Левински и президентом Клинтоном. Поскольку американские СМИ считают, что они должны обеспечивать уровень прибыльности не менее 25%, все свои усилия они направляют на развлечение аудитории. После событий 11 сентября их задача несколько изменилась - не раскачивать лодку. Старая традиция информировать людей и задавать властям неприятные вопросы теперь уже выглядит архаизмом.

Или возьмем два недавних случая. Журнал "Ньюсуик" чуть было не "линчевали" за публикацию непроверенной (хотя и правдоподобной) истории о надругательстве над Кораном в американской военной тюрьме в Гуантанамо. Статья якобы привела к массовым протестам мусульман, повлекшим гибель 15 человек.

Эта история напомнила мне скандал с Джанет Кук, который разразился в 1981 г. Журналистка получила Пулитцеровскую премию за свой репортаж о Джимми, восьмилетнем наркомане, живущем в негритянском квартале, - вот только вся эта история была ею выдумана с начала и до конца. Кук лишили премии и выгнали из газеты "Вашингтон пост". Ее выдумка была очень близка к реальности гетто, она никому не причинила вреда, и, несмотря на это, она стала символом "плохой" журналистики.

Почему я вспомнил эту историю? Лишь потому, что в очередной раз простительный грех журналистов был раздут до вселенских масштабов, тогда как виновные в действительно смертных грехах остаются безнаказанными. "Ньюсуик" пригвоздили к позорному столбу за то, что журнал породил антиамериканские настроения - всего лишь новостью в несколько строк. Но кто же судьи? А ими были как раз те самые политики, которые безо всякого стыда лгали, чтобы начать чудовищную войну в Ираке, уже унесшую тысячи жизней!

Второй скандал, потрясший недавно мир американских масс-медиа, вообще высосан из пальца. Два "желтых" таблоида, принадлежащих Руперту Мердоку, подверглись нападкам за то, что опубликовали фото Саддама Хусейна в исподнем. Почему кого-то должны волновать чувства свергнутого тирана? Однако главное не в этом. И лондонская "Сан", и нью-йоркская "Пост" - это, строго говоря, не газеты, а развлекательное чтиво, иногда выполняющее функции пропагандистской машины. Само понятие этичности для них чуждо. Их нужно просто не замечать.

Основная функция прессы в условиях демократии состоит в том, чтобы выявлять злоупотребления властью со стороны правительства. Из-за шока, наступившего после трагедии 11 сентября, из-за близорукого патриотизма, давления со стороны консерваторов, стремления угодить большинству и - самое главное - из-за желания удовлетворить запросы алчных акционеров большинство американских СМИ перестали быть "четвертой властью".

Клод-Жан Бертран, почетный профессор Французского института прессы при Университете Париж-2, ведущий мировой специалист по вопросам медиа-этики

Результаты (английский) 1:

If the media in a democratic country, require treatment, and the country cannot be called healthy. For several years the MEDIA the most powerful country in the world "hvoraût". Their condition became clear in 1995, the year when during the 18 months the attention of all of American media was focused on the murder of the wife of a famous footballer. Then they switched to the affair between Monica Lewinsky and President Clinton. Because American media think they should ensure profitability of not less than 25% of all their efforts, they refer to the amusement of the audience. After the events of 11 September task changed somewhat-not rock the boat. An old tradition to inform people and ask unpleasant questions authorities now already looks archaic. Or take the two recent cases. Magazine Newsweek was "lynched" for the publication of unverified (although plausible) story about abuse of the Koran at the us military prison in Guantanamo Bay. The article allegedly led to mass protests of Muslims, resulting the deaths of 15 people.This story reminded me of Janet Cooke scandal, which erupted in 1981 g. Journalist received a Pulitzer Prize for his reportage about Jimmy, a druggie, eight lives in the Negro quarter is just all this history it has made from the beginning to the end. Cook was deprived of the prize and kicked out of the newspaper "Washington Post". Its invention was very close to the reality of the ghetto, it no harm, and, despite this, it has become a symbol of bad journalism. Why I remembered this story? Just because once again forgivable sin of journalists was blown out of proportion to the Ecumenical scope, whereas the perpetrators really deadly sins go unpunished. Newsweek nailed to the pillory for that magazine spawned anti-American sentiment-only news in a few lines. But who are the judges? And they had those very politicians who without shame lied to start a terrible war in Iraq, already causing thousands of lives!The second scandal, which shook the world recently American mass media generally gets sucked from the finger. Two "yellow" tabloid, owned by Rupert Murdoch, had been attacked for having published a photo of Saddam Hussein in the ispodnem. Why does someone have to excite feelings of the deposed tyrant? But the main thing is not that. And the London Sun ", and" New York Post "is not, strictly speaking, a newspaper, and entertaining fiction, sometimes performing the functions of the propaganda machine. The very concept of ethics is alien to them. They need to just ignore. The main function of the press in a democracy is to identify abuse of power by the Government. Due to the shock following the September 11 tragedy, because of the myopic patriotism, pressure from the Conservatives, the desire to please the most and-most importantly-from a desire to satisfy greedy shareholders most American MEDIA ceased to be the "fourth power".Claude-Jean Bertrand, Professor Emeritus of French Press Institute at the University of Paris-2, the world's leading specialist in media ethics

Результаты (английский) 2:

If the media in a democratic country require treatment, and the country itself can not be called healthy. For several years now the media the most powerful country in the world "is ill." Their condition became clear in 1995, when 18 months of American media attention was focused on the murder of the wife of the famous footballer. They then moved on to an affair between Monica Lewinsky and President Clinton. As US media believe that they must ensure the level of profitability of at least 25%, all their efforts are directed to the amusement of the audience. After Sept. 11, their task has changed - do not rock the boat. The old tradition of people to inform the authorities and ask tough questions now seems archaic. Or take the two recent cases. The magazine "Newsweek" almost "lynched" for publishing an unproven (but believable) story about the desecration of the Koran at the US military prison at Guantanamo Bay. Article supposedly led to mass protests by Muslims, which resulted in the death of 15 people. This story reminded me of the Janet Cooke scandal that erupted in 1981. The journalist received a Pulitzer Prize for his reporting on Jimmy, eight drug addicts living in the Negro quarter - that's just the whole this story was invented by it from the beginning to the end. Cook stripped of awards and was kicked out of the newspaper "Washington Post". Her fiction has been very close to the reality of the ghetto, it did not harm anyone, and despite this, it has become a symbol of the "bad" journalism. Why I remembered this story? Just because again venial sin journalists was inflated to the scale of the universe, while the truly guilty of mortal sin go unpunished. "Newsweek" pilloried for what the magazine has spawned anti-American sentiment - the news just a few lines. But who are the judges? And they were just the very same politicians who lied without shame to start a terrible war in Iraq, have killed thousands of people! The second scandal recently rocked the world of American media in general sucked from the finger. Two "yellow" tabloid, owned by Rupert Murdoch, were attacked for having published a photo of Saddam Hussein in his underwear. Why someone should worry about the feelings of the deposed tyrant? But not the main thing. And London "Sun," and New York "Post" - is, strictly speaking, newspapers, entertaining reading, sometimes acts as the propaganda machine. The concept of ethics is alien to them. They simply do not notice it. The main function of the press in a democracy is to identify the abuse of power by the government. Due to the shock that followed the tragedy of September 11, due to the short-sighted patriotism, pressure from conservatives, desire to please the majority and - most importantly - from a desire to satisfy the demands of greedy shareholders of most American media have ceased to be the "fourth estate". Klod- Jean Bertrand, Professor Emeritus of the French Press Institute at the University of Paris-2, the world's leading expert on media ethics

Результаты (английский) 3:

If mass media in a democratic country require medical treatment, and the country itself cannot be described as healthy. For several years now," the most powerful country in the world "хворают". Their condition became obvious in 1995,When, in the 18 months to the attention of all of American media was focused on the murder of his wife's well-known football player. They then proceeded to the интрижку between Monica Lewinsky scandal' and President Clinton.As well as American journalists believe that they should ensure that the level profitability is not less than 25 %, all their efforts, they were sent to the entertainment audience.