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Over the past few decades, the cars in the course of its evolution undergone major changes. Externally, changing only the shape, modern cars (almost 100% of the cars from 2003 model year) is no longer confined to the mere mechanical action. In fact, they have become like a computer cluster, coordinates actions of the set of system elements (vehicle's electronic sensors, digital control module and driver). Central "tricked" the new machine is controlled (apart from the driver) a special code about 100 Mb, distributed between 50-70 Elektkronnyh control devices (Electronic Control Units (ECUs)) , connected by an internal network of tires.
For easier understanding of the modern automobile is worth noting some of the most popular ECU modules that are included in the standard auto-electronics:
• the Control engine the module (the ECM) - module controls the motor by analyzing the information coming from the sensors. It adjusts the ignition timing, the amount of fuel supplied to each of cylinders, valves and other components of the engine.
• Speed control unit - also called cruise control. The module supports a constant predetermined vehicle speed, adjusting it on the climbs and descents. Cruise control mode is switched off automatically after pressing one of the pedal by the driver. Most Distribute Adaptive Cruise Control, which allows also to monitor the distance to the vehicle ahead.
• the Control of Electronic Brake the Module (the EBCM) - the module responsible for the Anti-lock (ABS, ABS), preventing wheel lock control hydraulic pressure to the wheels. ABS allows the driver to maintain full control of the vehicle during emergency braking.
Examples of secondary in importance, but very popular modules are:
• Telematics - the module responsible for the communication of the car with the outside world by means of communication technologies, as well as all kinds of services provided by the car Modern telecommunications: the connection with the security services in case of accidents, navigation, vehicle tracking, telerazvlecheniya and other
• HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, air conditioning) - module controls the air conditioning inside the machine.
• RCDLR the remote the Control door Lock is the Receiver - module opening / closing a car door remote remote control, as well as receiving data sensor system for monitoring the pressure in the tires.
The development of digital control modules began in America in the late 70s. Due to the legislative requirements of California to keep the air clean, but also because of the growing fuel prices, the first modules Engine Control have been developed. The initial task of the modules has been adjusted fuel to oxygen in the fuel mixture by measuring the level of oxygen in the exhaust gases.
The first modules will not only reduce air pollution and improve engine performance, but also served as an example of successful electronic intervention in the mechanical operation of the machine. Since then, we developed such systems, improving all aspects of the functioning of the machine:. From the drivetrain and braking control to control air conditioners, and light
That's what a modern car. Is it good, is it bad - in this respect there are many conflicting opinions. Yes, the addition of electronics in the car definitely improved mechanisms for its stability and security, as well as to make the car easier to control. However, together with this there is a possibility of error zaprogrovannom machine code (bugs), which may result in a serious problem. Another argument against the total computerization - because the code exists, by an attacker villain the power of his hack
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