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An infection is the invasion of an organism's body tissues by disease-causing agents, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to these organisms and the toxins they produce. There are two types of diseases: infectious and non-infectious ones. The infectious diseases of man are usually divided into two large groups. Some diseases affect only people, others affect both people and animals, with people most frequently infected from animals. Every infectious disease has not only characteristic clinical manifestations but also its own specific way of invasion into the human body. Such a disease as dysentery, which is one of the diseases of the intestinal infections, is spread through the intestines and stools. The infections of the respiratory tract compose the second group. During the pathogens are discharged from the infected organism with the mucus from the membranes of the respiratory tract into the air in the form of drops. The infection is spread when the air containing drops of mucus with the pathogens in it, is breathed in. The diseases of this subgroup are diphtheria, smallpox, etc. The diseases of the third subgroup are spread through the skin and the mucosa in which the pathogens multiply. In some cases it is the skin, in others it is the mucous membrane of the eye. Direct contact and various things belonging to the sick may be responsible for spreading the infective agent. The diseases of the fourth subgroup are vi-cadby livisects. The pathogens causing these infections circulate in the blood or lymph and are not discharged from the organism. The insects become infected as they ingest the blood of a diseased man. They become infectious for other people after the pathogens have multiplied in their organism. All these diseases, of which encephalitis is an example, are called blood infections.
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