Великий русский физиолог Павлов вне

Великий русский физиолог Павлов внес большой вклад в развитие психологии. Он открыл существование двух сигнальных систем. Образ предмета (зрительный, слуховой и т.д.) является для животного сигналом какого-либо безусловного раздражителя, что вызывает изменения по типу условного рефлекса. Как известно, условный рефлекс имеет место тогда, когда какой-либо условный раздражитель (например, свет) сочетается с безусловным раздражителем (например, пищей). В этом случае в головном мозгу образуется временная нервная связь между центрами (зрительным и пищевым), и два вида деятельности животного — зрительная и пищевая — оказываются объединенными. Свет для животного становится сигналом пищи, вызывающим слюноотделение. Все поведение животного регулируется сигналами, которые были названы Павловым сигналами первой сигнальной системы.

У человека сигналы первой сигнальной системы также играют весьма важную роль, регулируя и направляя его поведение. Но у человека имеется вторая сигнальная система, которой нет у животных. Сигналами второй сигнальной системы являются слова, произносимые, услышанные, прочитанные. Слово — это «сигнал сигналов». Будучи понятным человеку, слово управляет его поведением, ориентирует в окружающем мире, а оставшись непонятным, слово может воздействовать на человека лишь как сигнал первой сигнальной системы или вообще не вызывать никакого ответа.

Результаты (английский) 1:

Great Russian physiologist Pavlov contributed greatly to the development of psychology. He discovered the existence of two signalling systems. Image of the object (Visual, auditory, etc.) is for animal signal any unconditional stimulus that causes a change of type of a conditioned reflex. As is well known, conditioned reflex occurs when any conditional stimulus (e.g., light) is combined with the unconditional stimulus (e.g., food). In this case, in the brain is formed temporary nervous connection between centres (Visual and food), and two types of activity of the animal — Visual and food — are found to be concatenated together. Light for the animal becomes a signal of food of salivation. All animal behavior is governed by the signals, which were named Pavlov signals first traffic light system.A person the first alarm system signals also play a very important role in regulating and directing his behavior. But the person has a second signaling system, which has no animals. Second signal system signals are words, spoken, heard, read. The word is "signal signal". Being intuitive person, Word manages his behavior, orients in the outside world, and left unclear the floor can affect the person only as a signal first signal system or no call no answer.

Результаты (английский) 2:

The great Russian physiologist Pavlov made a great contribution to the development of psychology. He discovered the existence of two signaling systems. The image of an object (visual, auditory, etc.) is a signal to the animal any of the unconditioned stimulus that causes changes in the type of conditioned reflex. As is known, the conditioned reflex occurs when a conditioned stimulus (eg, light) combined with the unconditioned stimulus (eg, food). In this case, a temporary nervous connection between the centers (visual and food) in the brain, and two species of animal activity - visual and food - are combined. Light for animal food becomes a signal that causes salivation. All the animal's behavior is governed by the signals, which have been named Pavlov signals of the first signaling system.

In humans, the signals of the first signaling system also play a very important role in regulating and guiding his behavior. But the person has a second signaling system, which it is not the animals. Signals of the second signal system are the words spoken, heard, read. The word - a "signal of signals". Being understood the man, the word governs its behavior orients to the outside world, and it remains unclear, the word can affect a person only as a signal of the first signal system or do not cause any response.

Результаты (английский) 3:

the great russian physiologist pavlov has made great contribution to the development of psychology. he discovered the existence of two signal systems. the image of the object (visual, auditory, etc.) is for an animal to signal any unconditional stimulus that induces changes in the type of conditional reflex. as is well known, the conditional reflex occurs when a conditional stimulus (for example, the light) is a major irritant (such as food). in this case, the brain is a neural connection between points (visual and food), and two species of animal visual and food - are combined. signal light for the animal becomes food of saliva. all the behavior of animal is regulated by signals that have been identified павловым signals the first signal system.individual signals the first signalling systems also play a very important role in regulating and guiding behavior. but the man is the second signal system, with no animals. signals of the second signal system are made, the words, read. the word is "alarm signals. as a practical man, the word"s behavior, the focus in the world, and with ambiguous word can affect the rights only as a signal the first signal system or did not induce any response.