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Voyage to Mars A may be every astronaut's dream, but the health risks are formidable Motion to sickness sickness afflicts more than two-thirds of all astronauts upon reaching orbit, even veteran test pilots who have never been airsick. Though everyone recovers after a few days in space, body systems 5 continue to change. Deprived of gravity information, a confused brain engenders visual illusions. Body fluids surge to chest and head. The heart enlarges slightly, as do other organs. Sensing too much fluid, the body begins to excrete it, including calcium, electrolytes and blood 10 plasma. The production of red blood cells decreases, rendering astronauts slightly anaemic. With the loss of fluid, legs shrink. Spinal discs expand, and so does the astronaut - who may gain five centimetres and suffer backache. Though the process may sound terrible, 15 astronauts adjust to it, come to enjoy it and seem no worse for wear - at least for short missions such as space shuttle flights that last a week or two.
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