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A resistor is one of the most common elements of any circuit. Are USED Resistors:
1. to a reduce of value of the current in'the the circuit;
2. to produce IR voltage drop and in this way to change the value of the voltage.
When current is passing through a resistor its temperature rises high. The higher the value of current the higher is the temperature of a resistor. Each resistor has a maximum temperature to which it may be heated without a trouble. If the temperature rises higher the resistor gets open and opens the circuit.
Resistors are rated in watts. The watt is the rate at which electric en¬ergy is supplied when a current of one ampere is passing at a potential difference of one volt. A resistor is rated as a 1-W resistor if its resistance equals 1,000 , 000 ohms and its current-carrying capacity equals 1 / 1,000,000 amp, since P = E x I = IR x I = I2R where P - power is given in watts, R - resistance is given in ohms and I - current is given in amperes .
If a resistor has a resistance of only 2 ohms but its current-carrying capacity equals 2,000 amp, it is rated as a 8,000,000-W resistor.
Some resistors have a constant value - these are fixed resistors, the value of other resistors may be varied - these are variable resistors.
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