- психологический фактор – не кажда

- психологический фактор – не каждая фирма доверит внутреннюю информацию посторонней организации;
- передача на аутсорсинг каких-либо функций может привести к утрате некоторых видов деятельности, которые в совокупности с основным видом обеспечивали организации успех на потребительском рынке. Кроме того, передав в аутсорсинг много функций, у организации могут возрасти затраты. Здесь стоит заметить, что чрезмерное увлечение аутсорсингом может полностью привести фирму-заказчика в полную зависимость от внешних исполнителей;
- достаточно велик риск убытков из-за низкого качества услуг, ведь аутсорсинг в странах постсоветского пространства только развивается. Кроме того, фирма-аутсорсер, как и любая другая, занятая предпринимательством, может разориться, в связи с чем организация-заказчик вынуждена будет воспользоваться услугами нового аутсорсера, а это дополнительные моральные и материальные затраты.
К недостаткам аутсорсинга относится и отсутствие контроля над деятельностью организации или специалистов, которые предоставляют услуги. Немаловажным является и тот факт, что по аутсорсингу совсем не проработана законодательная база [38, с. 146].
Таким образом, с аутсорсингом связано немало коммерческих рисков, но в целом он выступает очень эффективным инструментом, способным повышать конкурентоспособность предприятия.
1.5 Международный опыт использования логистического аутсорсинга
В общем смысле аутсорсинг предполагает использование возможностей и наработок третьей стороны с целью сокращения издержек и повышения качества обслуживания. Как можно видеть по данным Европейской логистической ассоциации, применение логистических разработок позволяет сократить время производства товаров на 25 %, снизить издержки производства продукции до 30 %, сократить объемы материально-технических запасов от 30 до 70 %. С целью выявления масштаба распространения логистики и ее результатов Всемирным банком был проведен обзор 1450 компаний США, Японии, Канады и западноевропейских стран. Из этих компаний 55 % представляли промышленность, 15 % – оптовую и розничную торговлю, 30 % – услуги (транспортировку, хранение, электронную обработку данных) [2].
В результате было выявлено, что:
- управление каналами движения продукции ведет к сокращению продолжительности цикла заказа на 80 % и размера запасов на 30—70 %, повышению производительности на 20—50 %, уменьшению затрат на доставку продукции до 30 % (Европейская ассоциация промышленности);
- снижение затрат на логистику на 1 % эквивалентно 10 %-ному росту объемов перевозок (компании Gеnеral Motors, Bosch, Siеmеns, Mitsubishi);
- организация получения товаров с помощью электронных заказов позволила многим фирмам увеличить объемы сбыта до 50 % (Ассоциация промышленности США);
- в результате совершенствования логистики и снижения запасов на 30 % уменьшились затраты на хранение и капитальные вложения, что, в свою очередь, привело к росту прибыли на активы почти на 35 % (Hеnkеl);
- используя интегрированное управление логистикой, некоторые промышленные компании снизили до 25 % продолжительность процесса производства продукции, что позволило им сократить на 20 % общие затраты на маркетинг (Boston Consulting Group) [8].
На международном рынке логистических услуг можно выделить ряд характерных тенденцийего развития:
1. Глобализация.В 1990- е годы в мировой экономике активно наблюдались процессы глобализация, и это не могло не затронуть логистику, которая уже была признана на должном уровне большинством участников цепей снабжения, производства и распределения. Компании стали осуществлять свою деятельность не только на региональном или национальном уровнях, но и на глобальном.
В связи с глобализацией мировой экономики усилилась потребность в использовании аутсорсинга - таможенных и экспедиционных агентств, банков. Это предъявило новые требования к логистическим компаниям:
- знание законодательных основ, налоговых систем, особенностей правительственного регулирования экономики различных стран;
- выполнение требований к упаковке, маркировке с учетом языковых различий;
- умение оперативно обработать и подготовить сложную документацию;
- умение устранять таможенные барьеры.
В индустриально развитых странах были созданы национальные и международные специализированные общества и ассоциации логистики, которые имеют свои исследовательские центры, консультативные отделы, банки информации, учебные центры.
Таким образом, мировой рынок логистических услуг на протяжении последних 20 лет устойчиво расширяется, предлагая комплексные функциональные решения от мультимодальных транспортных услуг до дистрибьюторских центров со сложными технологиями комплектации и предпродажной подготовки товарных потоков, управлением дистрибьюторскими каналами, вплоть до контроля дебиторской задолженности. Расширение сферы предоставляемых услуг влечет рост масштабов компаний и, как следствие, – сокращение издержек.

Результаты (английский) 1:

-psychological factor-not every firm confidence inside information outside the Organization;-transfer to outsource any functions can lead to the loss of certain activities, which together with the main type provided the organization success in the consumer market. In addition, passing in outsourcing many functions, organizations can increase costs. Here it is worth noting that overindulgence can lead outsourcing firm-customer in full dependence on external artists;-large enough risk of losses due to poor quality of services, because outsourcing in post-Soviet countries only develops. In addition, company-Outsourcer offer, like any other, busy business may fail, in connection with which the contracting authority will have to take advantage of new services outsourcers, and this additional moral and material costs.The disadvantages of outsourcing concerns and lack of control over the activities of organizations or professionals who provide services. It is important the fact that outsourcing is not elaborated legal base [38, s. 146].Thus, with outsourcing involves a lot of commercial risks, but in general it acts very effective tool that can enhance the competitiveness of enterprises. 1.5 International experience with the use of logistics outsourcingIn general terms, involves the use of outsourcing capabilities and practices of a third party with a view to reducing costs and improving service. As you can see, according to the European Logistics Association logistics application development allows to reduce time of production of goods at 25%, reduce the cost of production up to 30%, reduce logistical stocks from 30 to 70%. With a view to identifying the scale of logistics distribution and its results the World Bank reviewed 1450 companies United States, Japan, Canada and European countries. 55% of these companies were from industry, 15% wholesale and retail trade, 30% services (transportation, storage, electronic data processing) [2].As a result, it was found that:-channel management of the movement of production leads to a reduction in the length of the cycle order for 80% and the size of inventories at 30-70%, increase productivity by 20-50%, reduce the cost of shipping products to 30% (European Association of industry);-reduction of logistics costs at 1% is equivalent to 10% growth in transport (companies General Motors, Bosch, Siemens, Mitsubishi);-organisation of the delivery of goods through electronic orders allowed many firms to increase sales up to 50% (United States industry association);-as a result of improved logistics and reduce inventories at 30% reduced storage costs and capital investments, which, in turn, has led to an increase in return on assets by nearly 35% (Henkel);-using the integrated logistics management, some companies have reduced up to 25% of the duration of the production process, enabling them to reduce by 20% the total costs of marketing (Boston Consulting Group) [8].On the international market of logistic services, you can highlight a few salient development tendencijego:1. Globalization. In the 1990-ies in the world economy actively observed the processes of globalization, and it could not affect the logistics, which was already recognized at the proper level by a majority of the parties to supply chains, manufacturing and distribution. The company began to implement its activities not only at the regional or national levels, but also globally. With regard to the globalization of the world economy has increased the demand for outsourcing-customs and freight forwarders, banks. This brought new requirements for logistics companies:-knowledge of the legislative framework, tax systems, characteristics of government regulation of the economy of various countries;-implementation of the requirements for packing, marking, taking into account the linguistic differences;-ability to handle and prepare complex documents;-ability to remove customs barriers.In industrialized countries have established national and international specialized society and logistics, which have their own research centres, counselling departments, banking information, training centres.Thus, the global market for logistics services for the past 20 years has been steadily expanding, offering integrated solutions from multimodal transport services to distribution centers with sophisticated technology integration and pre-sale preparation of commodity flows, management of distribution channels, up to control receivables. Extension of the scope of services involves the growth of companies and, as a consequence, is to reduce costs.

Результаты (английский) 2:

- Psychological factor - not every company will entrust internal information outside the organization;
- outsourcing of some functions may lead to the loss of certain activities, which together with the main organization ensure success in the consumer market. In addition, to outsource many functions, the organization could increase costs. It is worth noting that the overreliance on outsourcing can result in a firm full-customer totally dependent on outsourced;
- big enough risk of losses due to the low quality of service, because outsourcing in post-Soviet countries just developing. In addition, the company-outsourcer, like any other, engage in entrepreneurial activity, may be ruined, in connection with which the contracting authority will have to take advantage of the new outsourcer, which is more moral and material costs.
The disadvantages of outsourcing concerns and lack of control over the activities of the organization or professionals who provide services. Important is the fact that outsourcing is not worked out the legislative framework [38, p. 146].
Thus, outsourcing is associated a lot of commercial risks, but in general it appears a very effective tool that can improve the competitiveness of enterprises.
1.5 International experience of logistics outsourcing
in the general sense, outsourcing involves the use of the opportunities and developments of a third party in order to reduce costs and improve quality of service. As can be seen according to the European Logistics Association, the use of logistics development to reduce the time of production of goods by 25%, reduce production costs by 30%, reduce the amount of inventory of 30 to 70%. In order to identify the prevalence of logistics and its results by the World Bank has been reviewed 1450 companies in the US, Japan, Canada and Western European countries. Of these companies 55% were from industry, 15% - wholesale and retail trade, 30% - services (transportation, storage, electronic data processing). [2]
As a result, it was found that:
- channel management of product movement leads to a reduction in cycle time Order by 80% and the size of reserves by 30-70%, increase productivity by 20-50%, reduce delivery costs by 30% (European Industry Association);
- reduction of logistics costs by 1% is equivalent to a 10% increase in volume transportation (company General Motors, Bosch, Siemens, Mitsubishi);
- the organization of receipt of goods by electronic order allowed many firms to increase sales to 50% (the Association of the US industry);
- by improving logistics and inventory reduction of 30% reduced costs storage and capital investments, which in turn led to an increase in return on assets by almost 35% (Henkel);
- using an integrated logistics management, some industrial companies have reduced up to 25% of the process of production, which allowed them to reduce by 20% general marketing costs (Boston Consulting Group) [8].
In the international market of logistics services can identify a number of specific tendentsiyego:
1. Globalizatsiya.V 1990 years of global economic activity is observed the process of globalization, and this could not but affect the logistics, which was already recognized at the proper level, the majority of participants of supply chain, production and distribution. Companies began to operate not only at the regional or national level, but also at the global level.
In connection with the globalization of the world economy has increased demand for outsourcing - customs and forwarding agents and banks. This poses new requirements for logistics companies:
- knowledge of the legislative framework, tax systems, especially government regulation of national economies;
- requirements for packaging, marking, taking into account linguistic differences;
- the ability to quickly process and prepare complex documentation;
- the ability to eliminate trade barriers.
In industrialized countries, the establishment of national and international professional associations and logistics associations, which have their own research centers, counseling offices, banks, information, training centers.
Thus, the global market of logistics services for the past 20 years, steadily expanding, offering comprehensive functional solutions from multi-modal transport services to the distribution centers with sophisticated technology equipment and pre-trade flows, control distribution channels, up to the monitoring of accounts receivable. Expanding the scope of services provided involves growing scale enterprises, and as a consequence - reducing costs.

Результаты (английский) 3:

psychological factor is not every firm trust inside information to outside organization;
- transfer to outsourcing some functions may lead to the loss of some of the activitieswhich together with the main line to ensure the success in the consumer market. in addition, by outsourcing a lot of functions, organizations can increase costs. here we should notethat excessive outsourcing can fully bring the firm's customer's complete dependence on external actors;
- is the risk of loss because of the low quality of servicesit outsourcing in the post soviet space is developed. in addition, the company is аутсорсер, like any other, busy business, may fail.therefore, the customer will have to use the new outsourcer engaged, and that additional moral and material costs.disadvantages of outsourcing is the lack of control over the organization's activities or professionals who provide services. last but not least is the factwhat outsourcing is not developed legislative framework [38,. 146]. "thus, outsourcing is a lot of commercial risks, but on the whole, it is a very effective tool.to enhance the competitiveness of enterprises. the international experience of logistics outsourcing

in a general sense, outsourcing involves the use of a third party and work to reduce costs and improve quality of care.