Боевые действия начались 12 апреля

Боевые действия начались 12 апреля 1861 года сражением за форт Самтер в бухте Чарлстон, который после 34-часового обстрела был вынужден сдаться. В ответ Линкольн объявил южные штаты в состоянии мятежа, провозгласил морскую блокаду их побережья и издал прокламацию о наборе 75 тыс. добровольцев в армию. Прокламация о наборе повлияла на позицию колеблющихся штатов: Вирджиния, Северная Каролина и Теннесси проголосовали за сецессию.

Север и Юг призвали добровольцев в армию и первое время желающих было даже больше, чем требовалось. Однако, энтузиазм очень быстро спал, из-за чего пришлось вводить законы о призыве. В апреле 1862 года Юг объявил о призыве в армию лиц в возрасте 18 - 35 лет, исключая негров, чиновников и священников. В июле аналогичный закон был издан на Севере. Кроме этого, в армию Севера вступило множество иммигрантов: 177 тыс. из Германии и 144 тыс. из Ирландии[1].

Первое серьёзное сражение произошло в Вирджинии у железнодорожной станции Манассас 21 июля 1861 года, когда плохо обученные войска северян, перейдя ручей Булл-Ран, атаковали южан, но были вынуждены начать отступление, превратившееся в бегство. Опасаясь перехода на сторону Юга ещё трех рабовладельческих штатов, Конгресс США 25 июля 1861 года принял Резолюцию Криттендена-Джонсона, объявляющую целью войны спасение Союза и требующую от правительства не предпринимать действий против института рабства.

К осени на восточном театре военных действий Союз располагал хорошо вооружённой армией под начальством генерала Джорджа Макклеллана, ставшего с 1 ноября главнокомандующим всеми армиями. Макклеллан оказался бездарным военачальником, часто избегал активных действий. 21 октября его части были разбиты у Бэллс-Блаффа недалеко от американской столицы. Гораздо успешнее осуществлялась блокада морского побережья Конфедерации. Одним из её следствий был захват 8 ноября 1861 года британского парохода «Трент», на борту которого находились эмиссары южан, что поставило США на грань войны с Великобританией.

Результаты (английский) 1:

The fighting began April 12, 1861, the battle of Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor, which after 34-hour bombardment was forced to surrender. In response, Lincoln declared the southern States in rebellion declared a naval blockade of their coast, and issued a proclamation about 75 thousand. Volunteers in the army. Proclamation of the affected the position of the undecided States: Virginia, North Carolina and Tennessee, voted in favor of the Confederacy.

North and South called for a volunteer army and first time applicants were even more than required. However, the enthusiasm of the very fast asleep, which had to make laws about the call. In April 1862, the South announced the recruitment of persons aged 18-35 years old, excluding blacks, officials and priests. In July, a similar law was published in the North. In addition, the army of the North had many immigrants: 177 k. from Germany and 144 000. of Ireland [1].

first serious battle happened in Virginia near the railway station, July 21, 1861, Manassas When poorly trained troops north, crossing Bull Run Creek, attacked the southerners, but were forced to retreat, which has since become the flight. Fearing the South has three slave States, July 25, 1861 United States Congress adopted resolution Crittenden-Johnson, declaring war to save the Union, and called on the Government not to take action against the institution of slavery.

By the fall of the Eastern Theater Union had well armed army under General George b. McClellan, who became the Supreme Commander of all armies on November 1. McClellan was ungifted Commander, often shunned activism. 21 October, parts of it were broken at ball's Bluff-near the American capital. Much better ran the blockade of the Confederate coast. One of its consequences was the British steamer ", November 8, 1861 the Trent" carrying emissaries of southerners, that has put the United States on the brink of war with Great Britain.

Результаты (английский) 3:

The fighting began on 12 April 1861, battle of Fort Самтер in Charleston harbor, which after 34-hour shelling was forced to surrender. In response to Lincoln announced the southern states in the rebellion,Declared maritime blockade their coast and issued a proclamation on the workspace 75 thousand. volunteers in the army. Proclamation of the recruitment effect on the hesitant States: Virginia,North Carolina and Tennessee voted in favor of the сецессию.lord North and South called for volunteers in the army, and the first time wishing it was even more than what was needed. However, the enthusiasm very quickly subsided,Because of the and then have had to enact legislation on the appeal. In April 1862, South-south cooperation has announced the appeal to the army of persons 18 - 35 years, excluding blacks, officials and priests. In July a similar law was issued in the north. In addition,In the army of the North entered into many immigrants: 177 thousand from Germany and 144 thousand from Ireland[ 1] .Lord the first serious battle occurred in Virginia Manassas Battlefield Park at the railway station on 21 July 1861,When poorly trained troops Aden, turning art print on canvas --- agniart.ru bull-wounds, attacked southerners, but had been forced to start a derogation, nowhere in flight. Fearing that the South still have lasted three states,United States Congress on 25 July 1861, adopted resolution Криттендена-Johnson, declaring war to save union and requires from the Government not to take action against the institution of slavery.

By autumn on the east theater of military action, the Union had a well-armed army under general George Макклеллана superiors, who became the supreme commander 1 November all armies.Mcclellan, Senior Application Engineer has proved to be better he bowed, often avoided active action. On 21 October, the part of the have been divided into the Бэллс-Bluff Circuit near the American capital.Much more successful was the blockade of the law of the sea coast Confederation. One of its consequences was the capture on 8 November 1861, British M.P. "Trent", on board which were emissaries southerners,That has brought us to the brink of war with Great Britain.