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Macroeconomics is a branch of economic theory. Translated from the Greek word "macro" means "big" and the word "economy" - "housekeeping." Thus, macroeconomics - the science that studies the behavior of the economy as a whole or large aggregates, and the economy is seen as a complex large single hierarchically organized system as a set of economic processes and phenomena, as well as their performance. For the first time the term "macroeconomics" has used in his article in 1933, the famous Norwegian scientist and economist and mathematician, one of the founders of econometrics, Nobel Prize Ragnar Frisch. However, meaningful modern macroeconomic theory has its origin from the fundamental work of the famous English economist, a representative of the Cambridge School, Lord John Maynard Keynes. In 1936 he published his book "The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money," in which Keynes laid the foundations of macroeconomic analysis. The work of Keynes was so great that in the economic literature originated the term "Keynesian revolution" and appeared Keynesian macroeconomic model or Keynesian approach, as opposed to the traditional only existed up to that time the classical approach to the study of economic phenomena. Macroeconomics examines the economy as a whole, explores common problems for the whole economy, and operates with such aggregate quantities as gross domestic product, national income, aggregate demand, aggregate supply, aggregate consumption, investment, the overall level of prices, unemployment, public debt. The main problems, which are studied macroeconomics are: economic growth and its pace; the economic cycle and its causes; employment and unemployment; the general level of prices and inflation problem; the level of interest rates and monetary issues; public finances, the problem of financing the budget deficit and public debt problem; balance of payments and exchange rate issues; macroeconomic policy challenges. It is because there are a number of public or macroeconomic problems, there is a need in the emergence of an independent branch of economic theory, self-discipline - macroeconomics. Macroeconomics is not simply describes the macroeconomic phenomena and processes, but also reveals patterns and relationships between them, exploring the causal relationships in the economy. Knowledge of macroeconomic dependencies and relationships allows us to estimate the current economic situation and show what needs to be done to improve it, that is, allows the development of economic policies. Macroeconomics enables to predict how the process will develop in the future, that is, make predictions, to predict future economic problems.
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