Из таблицы видно, что от степени за

Из таблицы видно, что от степени засоления почвы зависит прохождение фаз цветения и созревания растений, густота стояния и урожайность хлопчатника.
Вредное действие солей на растение проявляется в снижении плодоношения и урожайности сельскохозяйственных культур. Например, урожайность хлопчатника на слабозасоленных почвах по сравнению с не засоленными снижается на 10-20%, на среднезасоленных на 30-40%, на сильнозасоленных – на 60-70% и больше.
Влияние солей на хлопчатник весьма многообразно. Оно проявляется в нарушении ряда биохимических и физиологических функций растений, их водного и питательного режимов, условий развития и состояния корневой системы растений.
Под влиянием засоленности почвы у растений заметно снижаются фотосинтеза и дыхание, замедляется обмен веществ.
Общей закономерностью является то, что независимо от интенсивности транспирации общий расход воды растениями за вегетационный период по мере возрастания засоленности почвы неизменно падает. Вода вместе с питательными веществами всасывается корневыми волосками растений под влиянием сосущей силы растений. Однако это происходит лишь тогда, когда сосущая сила растений превышает водоудерживающую силу почвы, определяемую осмотическим давлением почвенного раствора. Водоудерживающая сила почвы может изменяться в больших пределах, она тем больше, чем больше содержание в почве солей и меньше влаги.
Под влиянием токсического действия накапливающегося в растениях солей может происходить и солевое отравление растений. Оно особенно проявляется при значительном содержании в растении таких элементов, как хлор, натрий.
Высокий урожай хлопка-сырца на орошаемых землях, подверженных засолению невозможно получить без удаления избытка водорастворимых солей из корнеобитаемого слоя почвы, что достигается проведением промывки почвы [2].
Ниже, в таблице 2 приводятся данные содержания солей до и после промывки в различных нормах и процент промываемости почвенных горизонтов.
Солевой режим изменялся в зависимости от оросительной нормы, с ее увеличением происходило снижение содержания солей в почве.
Так в нормах промывки 3000-4000 м3/га вымыв хлор-иона в слое почвы 0-60 см достиг 87,8%, что на 34,7% больше, чем в норме промывки 1500 м3/га.
Результаты исследований выявили эффективность промывок в улучшении водно-солевого режима почвы. При отсутствии промывных поливов происходит ежегодное накопление солей, как за вегетацию, так и за год.

Результаты (английский) 1:

The table shows that the degree of soil salinization influenced passage of bloom and maturation phases plant density of standing and cotton yield.
Harmful effects of salts on plant growth and reflected in reduced crop yields. For Example, cotton yield in slightly saline soils compared with no salt is reduced by 10-20%, on the average saline for 30-40%, for strongly-by 60-70% and more.
The effect of salts on very diverse. It is in violation of a number of biochemical and physiological functions of plants and their water and nutrient regimes, conditions for the development and condition of the plant root system.
Under the influence of soil salinity noticeably decreases in plant photosynthesis and respiration, metabolism slows down.
the common feature is that the that regardless of the intensity of transpiration water consumption of common plants during the growing season soil salinity increases, invariably falls. Water with nutrients absorbed the root hairs of plants under the influence of the sucking power plants. However, this is only When you feel the power plants exceeds the moisture-holding force of the soil by the osmotic pressure of the soil solution. Water holding soil strength can vary within wide limits, it is all the more the more the content of salts in the soil and less moisture.
under the influence of the toxic effects of accumulating salts may occur in plants and salt poisoning plants. It is especially evident with significant content in plant elements such as chlorine, sodium.
Cotton high yield in irrigated areas, saline cannot be obtained without removing excess water soluble salts of root living layer of the soil, which is the washing of the soil [2].
Below, table 2 shows the content of salts before and after cleaning the various norms and the percentage of soil horizons promyvaemosti.
salt regime changed depending on irrigation norm, with the increasing decline of salts in the soil.
So the washing of 3000-4000 M3/HA wash chlorine ion in soil 0-60 cm reached 87.8 per cent, 34.7% more than normal wash 1500 m3/HA.
The research results reveal the effectiveness of leaching in the improvement of the soil water-salt regime. In the absence of leaching is the annual accumulation of salts, as for the vegetation period and for the year.

Результаты (английский) 2:

The table shows that the degree of salinity depends passing phases of flowering and ripening of plants, plant density and yield of cotton.
harmful effects of salts on the plant appears to reduce fruiting and crop yields. For example, cotton yields on slightly saline soils compared to non-saline reduced by 10-20% by mid-saline by 30-40% on strongly - by 60-70% and more.
Influence of salts on cotton is very diverse. It manifests itself in violation of a number of biochemical and physiological functions of plants, their water and nutrient regimes, development conditions and the state of the plant root system.
Influenced by soil salinity in plants significantly reduced photosynthesis and respiration, metabolism slows down.
general rule is that regardless of the intensity transpiration total water consumption by plants during the growing season with increasing soil salinity invariably falls. Water along with the nutrients absorbed by the root hairs of plants under the influence of the suction force of plants. However, this happens only when the suction force of the plant exceeds the water-holding power of the soil as determined by osmotic pressure of soil solution. Soil water retention force can be varied within wide limits, it is the greater, the greater the amount of salts in the soil and less moisture.
Influenced accumulated toxic effects of salts in the plant may occur salt poisoning plants. It is particularly evident in a substantial number of plant elements such as chlorine, sodium.
High yield of raw cotton on irrigated lands, subject to salinization is not possible without removing the excess soluble salts from the root soil layer, which is achieved by conducting soil washing. [2]
Below, Table 2 shows the salt content before and after washing in various norms and percentage washability soil horizons.
salt regime depended on the irrigation rate, with its increasing there was a decrease of salt content in the soil.
So norms 3000-4000 m3/ha washing after washing chloride ion in the soil layer 0-60 cm reached 87.8%, which is 34.7% more than normal washing 1500 m3/ha.
Results of studies evaluated the effectiveness in improving the leaching of water-salt regime of the soil. In the absence of leaching occurs annual accumulation of salts, for vegetation and for the year.

Результаты (английский) 3:

From the table it is apparent that the degree of soil salinization is dependent upon passing phases blooms and gestation, remembering density and yield cotton.
Adverse effect of salts on the plant has been seen in reduced agronomically and crop yields. For example,Yield cotton слабозасоленных soils compared with saline drops to 10-20 %, the среднезасоленных by 30-40 %, the сильнозасоленных - the 60-70% and more.
Influence of salts on cotton is very well aware.It is manifested in the violation of a number of biochemical and physiological functions plants, their water management and delivery modes, conditions for the development of the root system and plants.
Under the influence the soil salinity plants is markedly declining photosynthesis and respiration, slows down exchange of substances.
a general feature is the fact thatThat, regardless of the intensity temperate forests the total flow of water plants for the vegetation period, as ascending order soil salinity has always drops.Water together with nutrients is sucked in by plant root hairs under the influence сосущеи force plants. However, this is onlyWhenever Mindleech Mass deals power plants is greater than cycling the soil, as determined by pressure осмотическим soil solution. The strength Водоудерживающая soil can vary in a large range, it the more,The more the content of salts in the soil and less moisture.
under the influence of toxic salts accumulated in plants can occur and occasioned by years poisoning plants.It is particularly evident when a significant content in the plant elements such as chlorine, sodium.
High harvest cotton lint on irrigated land,stonny cannot be obtained without the need to remove excess fatty salts from корнеобитаемого layer of the soil, that is achieved by the soil flushing (2) .
below,Table 2 provides the data content of salts before and after flushing in various norms and the percentage промываемости soil horizons.
salt mode has been changed, depending on the irrigation standards,There has been an increase in the reduced salt content in the soil.
so the rules flush 3000-4000 3000-4000 m3/ha brake shoes chlorine ion in soil 0-60 cm reached 87.8 %, that the 34.7 per cent more than in normal flush 1500 m3/ha.
The results of the research have identified the effectiveness has been back flushed in improving water and pasture soil. If there is no leachate from wastes can have all ministries is the annual accumulation of salts, as well as for plant growth, and for the year.