До норманнского вторжения в 1066 г.

До норманнского вторжения в 1066 г., в Англии не существовало закона, единого для всей страны. Правосудие осуществлялось местными судами, которые основывали свои решения на древних традициях и обычаях. Норманнские короли понимали важность закона для объединения государства и направляли выездных судей по всей стране, которые проводили заседания во всех городах и селах.

Такие суды рассматривали как гражданские, так и уголовные дела. Судьи основывали свои решения на местных и древних обычаях, а, иногда, даже на римском праве. Обстоятельства дела и решение судьи, как правило, записывались. Постепенно зародилась доктрина прецедента, которая обеспечила однообразное применение закона по всему королевству.

По этому принципу, судьи принимали решения на основании протоколов предыдущих дел в тех случаях, кода обстоятельства дела совпадали, не ожидая, пока правительство примет новый закон. Если прецедент не находился, то судья принимал решение на основании существующих правовых принципов. Такое решение в дальнейшем становилось новым прецедентом.

Результаты (английский) 1:

Prior to the Norman invasion in 1066, in England there was no law, common to the whole country. Justice was administered by the local courts, which base their decisions on the ancient traditions and customs. Norman kings understood the importance of law to merge the State and sent visiting judges around the country who met in all cities and villages.Such courts have considered both civil and criminal cases. The judges base their decisions on local and ancient customs, and, sometimes, even in Roman law. The circumstances of the case and the judge's decision is usually recorded. Gradually originated the doctrine of precedent, which ensured uniform application of the law throughout the Kingdom.According to this principle, judges make decisions on the basis of the minutes of the previous cases in those cases, the circumstances of the case to match, not waiting until the Government adopts a new law. If the precedent was not located, the judge made the decision on the basis of existing legal principles. This decision later became the new precedent.

Результаты (английский) 2:

Before the Norman invasion in 1066, in England, there was no law, common to the whole country. Justice is administered by local courts, which base their decision on the ancient traditions and customs. Norman kings understood the importance of the law for the unification of the state and sent away the judges all over the country, who have been meeting in all the cities and villages.

Such courts have considered both civil and criminal cases. The judges based their decisions on local and ancient customs, and sometimes even on Roman law. The circumstances of the case and the judge's decision, as a rule, were recorded. Gradually originated the doctrine of precedent, which ensured uniform application of the law throughout the kingdom.

According to this principle, judges make decisions on the basis of the minutes of previous cases in those cases, the circumstances of the case code match, not waiting for the government to take the new law. If the case was not, the judge will make a decision on the basis of existing legal principles. This decision was later became a new precedent.

Результаты (английский) 3:

before the invasion of 1066 across), in england there was no law common to the whole country. justice is carried out by local courts, who based their decisions on the ancient traditions and customs. norman kings, understand the importance of law to unify state and sent visiting judges throughout the country who have been meeting in all cities and villages.these courts have considered both civil and criminal cases. the judges based their decisions on local and ancient customs, and, sometimes, even in the civil law. the circumstances of the case and the judge"s decision is usually recorded. gradually from the doctrine of precedent, which provided однообразное law enforcement throughout the kingdom.on the basis of this principle, the judges made decisions on the basis of its previous cases when circumstances coincide, not waiting until the government will adopt a new law. if the precedent is not located, the judge made the decision on the basis of the existing legal principles. it later became a new precedent.