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Результаты (немецкий) 1:

Deine Bücher

Результаты (немецкий) 2:

The human body needs energy for its functioning. Our body assimilates proteins, fats, carbohydrates and other nutrients. The digestion of the starchy parts of food begins in the mouth where they are moistened with saliva. In the tongue papillae (lingual papillae) there are the taste receptors. Over the mucous membrane - of the oral cavity there are many tactile, temperature and pain receptors. The teeth, the gums, the soft and hard palates and the salivary glands are important structures located in the oral cavity. In the oral cavity the food must be chewed between the teeth. Then the food passes through the pharynx (throat) and down through the esophagus (gullet) into the stomach which is a dilated portion of the alimentary tract pyriform in shape.

In the stomach the components of food are dissolved and hydrolysed by gastric juice. Different gastric glands are found in the stomach. They produce hydrochloric acid and pepsin to digest food. The gastric juice secreted by the stomach possesses antibacterial activity. Pepsin converts proteins to smaller substances called peptones. But food does not enter the bloodstream through the stomach.

Further digestion and absorption of food into the blood takes place in the small intestine. After portions of the stomach contents enter the duodenum they turn acid, but then the reaction rapidly changes because the hydrochloric acid of the gastric juice is neutralized by the bile, the juice of the pancreas, the juice of the duodenal glands and intestinal crypts. The bile comes from the liver and gallbladder by means of special ducts. The pancreatic juice, a colourless clear fluid contains sodium, potassium chlorides and is rich in enzymes which digest proteins, fats and carbohydrates.

Food passes in peristaltic waves from the duodenum to the jejunum and the ileum, which is attached to the large intestine. The entire small intestine has many projections called villi. It is the small intestine where the so-called cavital and membrane hydrolyses of nutrients takes place. The products of digestion are absorbed into the blood and lymph.

The remaining part of food (the fluid by-products of digestion) from the small intestine pass into the large intestine which consists of caecum, colon (ascending, transverse, descending), sigmoid colon and rectum. The vermiform appendix hangs from the caecum. The rectum ends in the anus. The process of digestion is completed in the large intestine by the absorption of water. The unabsorbed and undigested components of food, the remains of the digesting fluids are evacuated from the body.

Результаты (немецкий) 3:

玉籍