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Foreign Policy [edit | edit wiki text]
In 1978, at the summit in Camp David, chaired by Carter Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin agreed to peace, mutual recognition and transfer to Egypt the Sinai Peninsula; it has completed a series of four Egyptian-Israeli wars. The Soviet-American relations during the Carter presidency were mixed. On the one hand, Carter continued negotiations on limiting strategic arms with the USSR, and in 1979 was signed by Leonid Brezhnev SALT-2 Treaty. The story became famous kiss between the two leaders at the signing ceremony of this agreement, it is perceived as an act of Soviet-American reconciliation. However, in the same year, the Soviet Union invades Afghanistan, and Carter signed a decree on the financing of the Afghan anti-Communist forces [2] and the policy of detente in relations with the USSR comes to naught. There are so-called "new nuclear strategy" Carter outlined them in a secret presidential directive number 59 on July 25, 1980. The strategy was based on the possibility of not necessarily transient nuclear war using all the nuclear arsenals of the conflicting powers, but from a long nuclear war, when the first nuclear strikes may be applied to military installations of the USSR, while the missiles will continue to focus on its cities. It was served as the introduction of elements of flexibility in the strategy of nuclear deterrence, but actually support the concept of a nuclear war with the Soviet Union, despite the declaration of mutually adopted during his presidency [3]. The Soviet-American relations deteriorated sharply, SALT-2 treaty has not been ratified by Congress, United States boycotted the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow. Carter took the White House Soviet dissident Vladimir Bukovsky. The board took Carter Islamic revolution in Iran; Ayatollah Khomeini declared the US "Great Satan" (or "The Great Devil"), in 1979, they were taken hostage by the staff of the American embassy in Tehran. The negotiations were unsuccessful. April 24th, 1980 the United States tried to conduct a military operation to free the hostages, but it ended in failure. In the late 1970s the United States did not support the Nicaraguan dictator Somoza, he was overthrown during the Sandinista revolution. Carter imposed a ban on CIA operations in Central America, which gave rise to a leading North American media talk about "complete collapse of the US Central American policy," and even a "lost battle, which will lead to the defeat of the global confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union." This vacuum is filled with Argentines saw declare themselves as "the only fighter against communism in the Western Hemisphere," Side and 601 Battalion undertook training of Nicaraguan guerrillas-Contra [4] [5]. January 23, 1980 Jimmy Carter delivered his annual address "On State of the Union ", which has announced a new foreign policy doctrine. The Gulf region has been declared a zone of US interests, to protect the United States that are willing to use armed force. In accordance with the "Carter Doctrine" of any state attempt to establish control over the region of the Persian Gulf have been pre-announced American leadership infringe on the important interests of the United States [6] [7]. The internal policy [edit | edit wiki text] Positions Carter were predominantly liberal-democratic. He argued that it is possible to reduce unemployment to 4.5% and inflation to reduce the annual rate of 4%. He promised to thoroughly revise the federal tax system, which he called "a shame of the human race." He said that the attempt to introduce a single federal system of social welfare and reduce the cost of medical treatment in hospitals. Carter also promised to complete the reorganization of the federal bureaucracy and the creation of "open government." From the outset, the president pays a visit to a small provincial town, where he held meetings with the local community. To answer questions of fellow citizens in the radio program "Ask President Carter." Announced an amnesty for persons who evaded conscription for the war in Vietnam, introduced the two women in the cabinet (more than anyone before him) found a responsible political positions for the representatives of national minorities. Carter presidency had to "rise in oil prices." Against this background, unemployment and inflation are as high as ever, by 1979 the United States was on the brink of economic disaster. The defeat of the Reagan [edit | edit wiki text] the presidential elections in November 1980, Carter, who was running for a second term, was defeated by Republican Ronald Reagan. Five minutes later, after the presidential powers Carter expired and Reagan brought the oath of office January 20, 1981, the Iranians released the hostages. During his presidential campaign, Ronald Reagan described the state of the US economy by the word "depression" (eng. Depression), which drew criticism from Carter pointed out the improper use of Republican candidate this term. In response, Reagan stated the following opinion: "The recession - is when your neighbor loses his job Depression - When you lose a job, and the recovery of the economy - when Jimmy Carter loses a job" [Comm. 2] [8].
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