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A computer is a machine with an intricate network of elec¬tronic circuits that operate switches or magnetize tiny metal cores. The switches, like the cores, are capable of being in one or two possible states, that is, on or off; magnetized or demag¬netized. The machine is capable of storing and manipulating numbers, letters, and characters (symbols).
English. Computer Basics 14
of The basic,: idea of a computer is That we CAN do the make the ma¬chine what we want by inputting the signals That Certain switches turn on and turn off: others, or magnetize or do not magne¬tize the cores.
Of The basic, the job of computers is processing of information. For this reason computers can be defined as devices which accept information in the form of instructions, called a program, and characters, called data, perform mathematical and / or logical operations on the information, and then supply results of these operations. Program of The, or part of IT, the which the comput¬ers Tells what to do and the the data, the which Provide the information needed to the solve the problem, are Kept inside the computer in a PLACE Called a memory.
It is Considered That computers have MANY Remarkable pow¬ers. Computers are most HOWEVER, Whether large or small, basic, have a three capabilities.
First, computers have circuits for Performing arithmetic op¬erations, such as with:. Addition, subtraction, division, multiplication and exponentiation
of Second, computers have a Means of Communicating with the user the . After all, if we could not feed information in and get results back, these machines would not be of much use. Some of the most common methods of inputting information are to use ter¬minals, diskettes, disks and magnetic tapes. The computer's input device (a disk drive or tape drive) reads the information into the computer. Outputting information to two two For common all devices directory are USED:. A printer, printing the information on paper The new, and a cathode-ray Player-tube the display, the which Shows the results on a the TV-like screen
of Third, computers have circuits the which the make CAN Decisions'. The kinds of decisions which computer circuits can make are not of the type: "Who would win the war between two coun¬tries?" or "Who is the richest person in the world?" Unfortu¬nately, the computer can only decide three things, namely: Is one number less than another? Are two numbers equal? and, Is one's number is greater than another?
A computer CAN the solve a series of Problems view and the make thou¬sands of class logical Decisions' without Becoming tired. It can find the solution to a problem in a fraction of the time it takes a human being to do the job.
15 1. Information Part-Unit Dependent Society
A computer CAN the replace people in dull, routine tasks, But IT works according to the instructions given to it. There are times when a computer seems to operate like a mechanical 'brain', but its achievements are limited by the minds of human beings. A computer can not do anything unless a person tells it what to do and gives it the necessary information; but because electric pulses can move at the speed of light, a computer can carry out great numbers of arithmetic-logical operations almost instan¬taneously. A person can do the same, but in many cases that person would be dead long before the job was finished.
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