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Moscow is the capital and the largest city of Russia. It is also the largest metropolitan area in Europe, and ranks among the largest urban areas in the world. Moscow is a major political, economic, cultural, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the world. It is also the It seventh largest city proper in the world.
It is located on the Moscow River in the Central Federal District, in the European part of Russia. Historically, it was the capital of the former Soviet Union, Russian Empire and the Grand Duchy of Moscow. It is the site of the Moscow Kremlin that serves as the residence of the President of Russia. Russian Parliament The (the State Duma and the Federation Council) and the Government of Russia also sit in Moscow.
City is named after the river. The origin of the name is unknown, although several theories exist. One theory suggests that the source of the name is an ancient Finnic language in which it means "dark" and "turbid". The first Russian reference to Moscow dates back to 1147 when Yuri Dolgoruky called upon the Prince of the Novgorod as a brother to "come to Moscow."
Under Ivan I the city replaced Tver as a political centre of Vladimir-Suzdal and became the sole collector of taxes for the Mongol-Tatar rulers. In 1480, Ivan III had finally broken the Russians free from Tatar control, allowing Moscow to become the centre of power in Russia. Ivan III the Under city became the capital of an empire that would eventually encompass all of present-day Russia and other lands.
The plague of 1654-1656 killed half the population of Moscow. The city ceased to be Russia's capital in 1712, after the founding of Saint Petersburg by Peter the Great near the Baltic coast in 1703. The Plague of 1771 was the last massive outbreak of plague in central Russia, claiming up to 100,000 lives in Moscow alone . During the French invasion of Russia in 1812, the Muscovites burned the city and evacuated, as Napoleon's forces were approaching on 14 September. Napoleon's army, plagued by hunger, cold and poor supply lines, was forced to retreat and was nearly annihilated by the devastating Russian winter and sporadic attacks by Russian military forces.
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