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olitically, this century was stable. Monarch and Parliament got on quite well together. One reason for this was that the monarch's favourite politicians were able to control the election and voting habits of a large number of Members of Parliament (MPs) in the House of Commons. Within Parliament the divisions of the previous century were echoed in the formation of two vaguely opposed loose collections of allies. One group, the Whigs, were the political 'descendants' of the parliamentarians. They supported the Protestant values of hard work and thrift, were sympathetic to Dissenters and believed in government by monarch and aristocracy together. The other group, the Tories, had a greater respect for the idea of the monarchy and the importance of the Anglican Church.The two terms, Whig and Tory, had in fact first been used in the late 1670s and allegiance to one side or the other was more often the result of family or regional loyalty than of political beliefs. Could be said This, however, to be the beginning of the two-party parliamentary system in Britain The modern system of an annual budget drawn up by the monarch's Treasury officials for the approval of Parliament was established during this century. So, too, was the habit of the monarch appointing one principal, or 'Prime', Minister from the ranks of Parliament to head his government. At the beginning of the century, by agreement, the Scottish Parliament joined with the English and Welsh parliament at Westminster in London (Westminster - the main part of central London containing Westminster Abbey - a gothic church, the Houses of Parliament, Buckingham Palace and other important buildings). However, Scotland retained its own system of law, more similar to continental European systems than to that of England. It does so to It this day The only part of Britain to change radically as a result of political forces in this century was the highlands of Scotland area. The area twice supported failed attempts to put a (Catholic) Stuart monarch back on the throne by force. After the second attempt, many inhabitants of the highlands were killed and sent away from Britain and the wearing of highland dress (the tartan kilt) was banned. Scottish musical instrument - the bagpipe was also forbidden. Celtic way of The life was effectively destroyed. It was cultural change that was most marked in this century. Britain gradually expanded its empire in the Americas, along the west African coast and India. The increased trade was one factor which led to the Industrial Revolution. The many technical innovations in the areas of manufacturing and transport during this period were also important contributing factors. Ikn England, the growth of the industrial made of production, together with advances in agriculture, caused the greatest upheaval in the pattern of everyday life sincethe anglo -saxon invasions. Areas of common land, which had been available for use by everybody in a village for the grazing of animals since Anglo-Saxon times, disappeared as landowners incorporated them into their increasingly large and more efficient farms. (Some pieces of common land remain in Britain today, used mainly as public parks. They are often called "the common".) Hundreds of thousands of people moved from rural areas into new towns and cities. Most of these new towns and cities were in the north of England, where the raw materials for industry were available. In this way, the north, which had previously, been economically backward compared to the south, became the industrial heartland of the country.
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