Результаты (
английский) 1:
[копия]Скопировано!
Computer (Engl. somputeg — "Calculator") is a machine to perform calculations. Using calculations the computer can process information on a predetermined algorithm. In addition, most computers can store information and to search for information, display information on different kinds of information devices. Its name computers received its primary function is to conduct calculations. At present, however, it is believed that the basic functions of computers, information processing and management.Basic principles: the execution of its tasks, the computer can ensure by any moving mechanical parts, electrons, photons, quantum particles, or through the use of effects from any other well-characterized physical phenomena.Among the most common computers got the so-called electronic-calculating machines, computers. In fact, for the vast majority of people "electronic computers and computers have become words, synonyms, although in reality it is not. The most common type of computers — electronic personal computer.Computer architecture can directly simulate being a problem, as close as possible (in the sense of describing) reflecting investigated physical phenomena. So, electronic threads can be used in models for modeling water flow levees or dams. Similarly constructed analog computers were usual in the 60-ies of XX century, but today have become quite rare.In most modern computers problem first described in mathematical terms, with all the necessary information is submitted in binary form (in the form of ones and zeros), then its actions are limited to processing the application of simple algebra of logic. Since almost all of mathematics can be reduced to performing Boolean operations, sufficiently fast electronic computer can be used to solve most math problems (as well as most of the information processing task that can easily be reduced to a mathematical). It was found that the computers can still decide not to any math problem. First task, which cannot be solved with the help of computers, were described by the English mathematician Alan Turing.The result of the executed tasks may be presented to the user through the various i/o devices information, such as the lamp indicators, monitors, printers, etc.Novice users and especially children are often difficult to perceive the idea that a computer is just a machine and cannot "think" or "understand" the words that it shows. Computer only mechanical displays the specified program lines and colors using i/o devices. The human brain itself recognizes, pictured on the screen images, numbers, or words and gives them some values.For the first time, the interpretation of the word "computer" appeared in the year 1897 in the Oxford English Dictionary. Its drafters then understood the computer as a mechanical computing device. In 1946 year dictionary enriched with supplements, allowing to share the concept of digital, analog and electronic computers.The first computers were created exclusively for computing (which is reflected in the names of "computer" and "computers"). Even the most primitive computers in this area many times more people (if you don't count some unique people-counters). Not accidentally the first high-level programming language was Fortran, designed solely to perform calculations.The second major use were database. First of all, they need Governments and banks. Databases require more complex computers already developed systems, i/o, and storage of information. For this purpose was developed language Cobol. Later came the DBMS with their own programming languages.The third application was managing all sorts of devices. Here development progressed from highly specialized devices (often analog) to a gradual introduction of standard computer systems that run the control program. In addition, an increasing proportion of technology begins to include the management computer.Finally, computers have evolved so that the computer has become the main information tool both in the Office and at home, that is now almost any job with information takes place via computer — whether typing or watching movies. This also applies to the storage of information, and its sending electronically.The most difficult and underdeveloped computer is artificial intelligence is to use computers to solve such problems, where there are no clearly defined more or less simple algorithm. Examples of such tasks, games, machine translation, expert systems text.
переводится, пожалуйста, подождите..
