Население и образ жизни.Население Ш

Население и образ жизни.
Население Шотландии произошло в результате смешения нескольких рас. Древнейшими обитателями страны были каледонцы, или пикты, которые населяли бóльшую часть территории, расположенной к северу от Ферт-оф-Форта и Ферт-оф-Клайда. На юго-западе жили бритты, родственные валлийцам. В Аргайлле ок. 500 н.э. была основана ирландская колония, и одновременно англы покинули европейский континент и высадились на юго-востоке Великобритании. В 8–11 вв. скандинавы побывали почти на всем побережье Шотландии, но поселились на севере и западе. В 12 в. там появились норманны и фламандцы. Много ирландских иммигрантов прибыло в 19 в. Сходным образом протекали миграционные процессы между Англией и Шотландией.
Жители равнин и горцы.
различие существует между жителями равнин, имеющими смешанный этногенез и веками говорившими на английском языке, и горцами, в основном кельтского происхождения и до недавнего времени говорившими на гаэльском языке. В 11 в. на гаэльском говорили почти во всех частях Шотландии, но впоследствии область его распространения значительно сузилась. В 1960-х годах насчитывалось не более 80 тыс. лиц, говорящих по-гаэльски, почти все они жили в западных горных районах и на островах и знали также английский язык.

Между горцами и равнинными шотландцами имелись не только языковые различия. Сохранялись важные различия между преимущественно земледельческой (позднее преимущественно промышленной) экономикой на равнинах и преимущественно скотоводческим хозяйством в горах. Кроме того, специфика землепользования с концентрацией населения в гленах, разделенных горами, по-видимому, благоприятствовала сплоченности некоторых кланов. В результате вплоть до 18 в. горцев не удавалось полностью превратить в законопослушных подданных королевства.

Результаты (английский) 1:

Demographics and lifestyle.
the population of Scotland was the result of mixing a few races. The oldest inhabitants of the country were Caledonians, Picts, who inhabited most of the territory, located north of the Firth of forth and the Firth of Clyde. The Southwest Britons, living related to Wales. The Argajlle OK. 500 BC was founded by an Irish colony and at the same time the angles left the European continent and landed in the South-East of the UK. At 8-11. Scandinavians visited almost all the coast of Scotland, but settled on the North and West. The 12 in. There appeared the Normans and Flemish. Many Irish immigrants arrived in 19 in similarly leaked migration processes between England and Scotland.
inhabitants of the Plains and the Highlanders.
the difference there is between the inhabitants of the Plains, with mixed origins, and for centuries, speaking in English, and the mountain people, mainly of Celtic origin, and until recently, speaking in the Gaelic language. In 11 of the Gaelic spoken in almost all parts of Scotland, but subsequently the scope significantly narrowed. In the 1960 's, there were no more than 80 thousand. persons who spoke Gaelic, almost all of them lived in the Western mountain areas and Islands and also knew English.

Between Highland and Lowland Scots had not only linguistic differences. Retained important differences between mainly agricultural (later mainly industrial) economies in the Plains and predominantly pastoral farming in the mountains. In addition, specific land use with a concentration of the population in glenah, separated by mountains that seem to favour cohesion of certain clans. As a result, up to 18 in. the mountaineers could not completely turn law-abiding subjects.

Результаты (английский) 3:

The population and a way of life.
population Scotland has been caused by the mixing a few races. Quite stormy cultivated countries were new Caledonians, or пикты, who have inhabited most of the Territory,Located to the north of the Firth of Fort and the Firth of Клаида. In the south-west lived бритты, kinship валлиицам. In Аргаилле approx. 500 N.e. was founded irish colony,And, at the same time англы left the European continent and landed on the south-east Britain. The 8-11 centuries Solovki visited almost all the coast of Scotland, but have settled in the north and west. In the 12 century.There have been scientists and burin engraving or etching. Many irish immigrants arrived in 19 century. Similar events have been migration processes between England and Scotland.
the plains and alans.
There is a distinction between the people of plains, to have mixed emblem and have for centuries English, and highland Lao, largely exhausted origin and, until recently, required in Gaelic.In 11 B. in Gaelic in almost in all parts of Scotland, but subsequently the area its distribution has been narrowed considerably. In the 1960s, there were more than 80 thousand persons, speaking on the гаэльски,Almost all of them lived in the western mountain areas and in the islands and knew the English language.lord between highland Lao and lowland Anadrill had not only differences of language.There were important differences between predominantly farming (later mostly industrial) transition in the plains and predominantly Muminabad management in the mountains. In addition,The specific land-use planning with the concentration of populations in гленах, separated by mountains, apparently, conducive cohesion some clans. As a result, up to 18 in.Tribes have not been able fully to make the law-abiding subjects of the kingdom of.