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Early CPUs were created in the form of unique components for the unique, and even one-of-a-kind, computer systems. Later on expensive way to develop processors designed to perform only one or a few highly specialized programs, computer manufacturers have moved to the serial production of standard grade multipurpose processing units. The trend towards standardization of computer components originated in the era of rapid development of semiconductor devices, mainframes, mini-computers, and with the advent of integrated circuits, it has become even more popular. Creating chips allowed to further increase the complexity of the CPU while reducing their physical size. Standardization and miniaturization processors led to deep penetration based on these digital devices in the human daily life. Modern processors can be found not only in high-tech devices such as computers, but also in automobiles, calculators, mobile phones, and even children's toys. Most often, they are presented with a microcontroller, wherein, in addition to the computing device, there are additional on-chip components (programs and data memory, interfaces, input-output ports, timers, etc.). Modern computational power microcontroller comparable to processors of personal computers a decade ago, and often even significantly exceed their performance.
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