2. Charles Babbage − prominent pion

2. Charles Babbage − prominent pioneer in computer science
Charles Babbage (1791-1871) was an English mathematician and (proto-)
computer scientist who was the first person to come up with the idea of a computer. In
1991, working from Babbage's original plans, a Difference Engine was completed, and
functioned perfectly. Born in Teignmouth, Devonshire, he was an alumnus of Trinity
College, Cambridge and of Peterhouse, Cambridge. He graduated from Cambridge in
1814. In that same year, he married Georgiana Whitmore. They had eight children, but
only three lived to adulthood. Mrs Babbage died in 1827.
In recognition of the high error rate in the calculation of mathematical tables,
Babbage sought to find a method by which they could be calculated by machine, which
would not suffer the errors, fatigue and boredom of human calculators. This idea had
come to him as early as 1812. Three different factors seem to have influenced him: a
dislike of untidiness, his awareness of logarithmic tables, and work on calculating
machines carried out by Blaise Pascal and Gottfried Leibniz.
He presented a model of what he called a Difference Engine to the Royal
Astronomical Society in 1821. Its purpose was to tabulate polynomials using a
numerical method called the differences method. The Society approved the idea, and this
in turn enabled him to get a grant of £1500 by the British Government in 1823.
Construction started on this machine, but it was not completed. Two things went wrong.
One was that the internal friction and gearing available at the time were not good
enough for the models to be completed - vibrations were a constant problem. The other
was that he kept changing his mind about the design of the machine. By 1833, £17000
had been spent with no satisfactory result. Between 1833 and 1842, Babbage tried
again; this time, he tried to build a machine that would be programmable to do any kind
of calculation, not just ones relating to polynomial equations. This was the Analytical
Engine. The design was based on Joseph Marie Jacquard's sewing loom, which used
44
punched cards to determine how a sewing design would be carried out. Babbage adapted
this design so that it would create mathematical actions instead.
The Analytical Engine had input devices based on punched cards, as per
Jacquard's design, an arithmetic processor that calculated numbers, a control unit that
determined that the correct task was carried out, an output mechanism and a memory
where numbers could be stored whilst waiting their turn to be processed. It was this
device that was the world's first computer. A concrete design for this emerged by 1835;
however, because of his failures involving the Difference Engine, the engine was never
built.

Результаты (английский) 1:

2. Charles Babbage − prominent pioneer in computer scienceCharles Babbage (1791-1871) was an English mathematician and (proto-)computer scientist who was the first person to come up with the idea of a computer. In1991, working from original plans, Babbage's a Difference Engine was completed, andfunctioned perfectly. Born in Teignmouth, Devonshire, he was an alumnus of TrinityCollege, Cambridge and of Peterhouse, Cambridge. He graduated from Cambridge in1814. In that same year, he married Georgiana Whitmore. They had eight children, butonly three lived to adulthood. Mrs Babbage died in 1827.In recognition of the high error rate in the calculation of mathematical tables,Babbage sought to find a method by which they could be calculated by machine, whichwould not suffer the errors, fatigue and boredom of human calculators. This idea hadcome to him as early as 1812. Three different factors seem to have influenced him: adislike of untidiness, his awareness of logarithmic tables, and work on calculatingmachines carried out by Blaise Pascal, and Gottfried Leibniz.He presented a model of what he called a Difference Engine to the RoyalAstronomical Society in 1821. Its purpose was to tabulate polynomials using anumerical method of the so-called the differences method. The Society approved the idea, and thisin turn enabled him to get a grant of £ 1500 by the British Government in 1823.Construction started on this machine, but it was not completed. Two things went wrong.One was that the internal friction and gearing available at the time were not goodenough for the models to be completed-vibrations were a constant problem. The otherwas that he kept changing his mind about the design of the machine. By 1833, £ 17000had been spent with no satisfactory result. Between 1833 and 1842, Babbage triedagain; This time, he tried to build a machine that would be programmable to do any kindof calculation, not just ones relating to polynomial equations. This was the AnalyticalEngine. The design was based on Joseph Marie Jacquard's sewing loom, which used 44punched cards to determine how a sewing design would be carried out. Babbage adaptedThis design so that it would create mathematical actions instead.The Analytical Engine had input devices based on punched cards, as perJacquard's design, an arithmetic processor that calculated numbers, a control unit thatdetermined that the correct task was carried out, an output mechanism and a memorywhere numbers could be stored whilst waiting their turn to be processed. It was thisdevice that was the world's first computer. A concrete design for this emerged by 1835;However, because of his failures involving the Difference Engine, the engine was neverbuilt-in.

Результаты (английский) 2:

Of Charles Babbage 2. - ProMinent pioneer car in computer science ™
of Charles Babbage (1791-1871) WAS an English a mathematician and (proto-)
computer scientist the who WAS the first person to have come up closeup with the: idea of a computer. In
1991, working from Babbage's original Plans, the Difference Engine WAS a completed, and
functioned perfectly. In Teignmouth for Born, Devonshire, he WAS an alumnus of of Trinity
College,, the Cambridge and of Peterhouse, the Cambridge. He graduated from Cambridge in
1814. In that same year, he married Georgiana Whitmore. HAD an eight children for They, But
only a three Lived to adulthood. Babbage died The in of Mrs 1827.
with In recognition of the high error rate The the in the Calculation of Mathematical tables option,
Babbage to the find the most sought a method by the which for They Could the BE Calculated by machine, the which
Would not the errors The Suffer, not fatigue and boredom of human calculators. : Idea HAD This
have come to HIM as with early 1812. as with the Three Different Factors Influenced SEEM to have HIM: a
dislike of untidiness, a His awareness of Logarithmic tables option, and work on Calculating
machines Carried out by Blaise by Pascal and the Leibniz by Gottfried.
The He Presented the model of a He called a he what the Difference Engine to the of Royal
Astronomical Society in 1821. Its purpose WAS to tabulate polynomials using the a
Numerical method Called the differences method. It is approved the Society of The: idea, and the this
in turn the enabled HIM to the get a 'grant of £ 1500 the British Government the by in 1823.
Construction the Started on the this machine, But IT WAS not completed. Went wrong things of Two.
The One That WAS the internal, friction and gearing up available AT the time Were not good
enough for the models The completed to the BE - Vibrations Were a constant problem. OTHER of The
WAS That he Kept changing a His yet Mind about the design of the machine. By 1833, £ 17000
had been spent with no satisfactory result. Between 1833 and 1842, Babbage the tried
again; time the this, he the tried to the build a machine That Would the BE a programmable to do the any kind
of Calculation, not just ones relating to polynomial Equations. WAS the Analytical's This
Engine. The design was based on Joseph Marie Jacquard 's sewing loom, which used
44
punched cards to determine how a sewing design would be carried out. Babbage Adapted
the this design SO That IT Would the create Mathematical the actions an INSTEAD.
Of The Analytical's Engine HAD input the devices directory based on punched cards, as with The per
Jacquard's design, an arithmetic processor That Calculated numbers, a control unit That
a determined That the correct task WAS Carried out, an Mechanism and a output a memory
where clause numbers whilst the Could the BE for stored is waiting Their turn to the BE to processed. It WAS the this It
device That WAS the world's first computer. A concrete design for this emerged by 1835;
HOWEVER, Because of a His failures involving the the Difference Engine, the engine by never WAS
a built.