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английский) 3:
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benjamin franklin, an american who was famous for his interesting and useful inventions published his ideas about vitamin in 1752. scientists in many countries and became interested in this form of energy. they wanted to find the answer to a very important question: could the equipment be used to develop a fast, efficient system of long distance communication. experiments was that the vitamin could travel instantly over a very piece of wire. but a note that was written on a piece of paper couldn"t be put into a wire. how could equipment be used to send a message? a danish scientist discovered that vitamin could move a needle from left to right and that the needle could be pointed at least on a piece of paper. then a german government worker made up a code system that could be used with an electric needle. in 1837, and english with sent a message by electric telegraph for a distance of more than 1.6 kilometers. samuel Morse, an american portrait artists, was experimenting with an electric telegraph too. at first, he is a pencil to an electric wire. when the equipment came through the wire, the pencil made wavy lines. then Morse remarkable a code that used disabilities and dashes for the letters of the alphabet. finally, he discovered that telegraph messages did not have to be written, they could be sent in sound. on may 24, 1844, the first long - distance message was sent by telegraph for 64 kilometers. telegraph companies were formed in many cities. by 1861 telegraph wires stretched from the atlantic to the pacific. in europe too, samuel Morse"s system become popular. but telegraph wires couldn "t be hung over an ocean. the messages to and from europe had to be sent by ship - a journey of two or three weeks. a new method was needed. the atlantic telegraph company which was organized in 1856, wanted to try to lay a cable on the floor of the atlantic ocean. the 4.000-kilometer cable broke three times. each time a new cable had to be made. finally, on july 27, 1866, the transatlantic message was sent from newfoundland to ireland.later cables were laid to central and south america. after 1900 transpacific cables were laid to asia and australia. at last news and business information could be sent instantly to almost every country in the world.
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