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Isambard Kingdom Brunel (English Isambard Kingdom Brunel,;. April 9, 1806, Portsmouth - 15 September 1859 Westminster) - British engineer, one of the major figures in the history of the Industrial Revolution. Son Marc Brunel.
He was born in Portsmouth and educated in college at Caen and the Lycée Henri IV. Practical operations, as an engineer, he began with his father, who was assisted in 1826 with the construction of a tunnel under the Thames (Eng.) Russian .; later it is mainly engaged in the construction of railways and the preparation of machines and devices for ships.
In 1833, Brunel was appointed chief engineer of the "Great Western Railway" and performed construction of tunnels, bridges and other large structures for the road, including built a bridge across the Thames at Maidenhead (Maidenhead) and in Wye (Wye) in Chipstou. He built Gungerfordsky suspension bridge in London and participated in the construction of bridges and Conway "Britain"; He also built docks in Cardiff and Sunderland, ships: «Great Western» (1835), «Great Britain» (1842) and «Great Eastern».
During the construction of the Crystal Palace, he helped with advice and deeds, and according to his instructions entrepreneur Paxton made some amendments to the original plan.
During the Crimean war, in 1854, he was entrusted with the construction of a military hospital in Renkioye at the Dardanelles; for DC supply it with fresh water, he gave water, had a track for transportation of patients from their place of disembarkation. At the same time proposed to build a gunboat to land combat vehicles to attack the fortress of Kronstadt (prototype tanks-amphibians - not implemented).
Having learned about the experiments with the first screw steamer "Archimedes" set screw on the "Great Britney", which was the promotion of the screw.
The last, most celebrated his case was the construction of a colossal full metal steamer "Leviathan", renamed after in the "Great Eastern", a draft of which he composed in 1852 and graduated after many years of work, overcome financial difficulties and all kinds of material and physical obstacles. Strong power and excitement of forces in the whole of the performance of his pet project contributed to the premature death of his; he has long been sick and all your important work performed, being already sick. During preparations for the shakedown cruise «Great Eastern» he was struck by apoplexy (in another version, a heart attack), from which he died in Westminster, 15 September 1859. He left a reputation of being one of the first engineers of the XIX century, put together with extensive expertise and entrepreneurial noble character, free from all envy and ill will.
In his lifetime, Brunel built 25 railways in England, Ireland, Italy, India. He designed and supervised the construction - 8 piers and dry docks, 5 suspension bridges, 125 railway bridges, including the Clifton Suspension Bridge in Bristol, 3 large steamer. In 1855 he published a project for the construction of the Panama Canal. To achieve the transfer of railways on "broad" gauge (to no avail).
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