Он, например, утверждал, что покаты

Он, например, утверждал, что покатый лоб, квадратный подбородок, грубые черты лица, длинные руки, и мускулистое телосложение говорят о врожденных преступных наклонностях. Понадобилось много лет, пока теория прирожденного преступника сошла на нет, потеряла свое влияние. Тем не менее и в наши дни продолжаются споры о наследовании преступных качеств и о биологических предпосылках преступного поведения. Послевоенный экономический рост породил у западных лидеров опасное заблуждение, что с любыми общественными проблемами можно справиться, проводя соответствующую социальную политику и увеличивая бюджетные отчисления. Тогда казалось, что, давая человеку больше благ, можно смягчить и даже изменить его природу. Времена изменились, и стало ясно, что ни либеральные реформы, ни коммунистический диктат не привели к обществу процветания. В 1979 г. в Центре изучения близнецов и усыновленных детей в США начали наблюдать несколько сотен двойняшек и тройняшек. Все они были разлучены вскоре после рождения и воспитывались в разных концах Англии и Америки. Экспериментаторы исходили из предположения, что, если близнецы идентичные, все различия, возникшие впоследствии, следует отнести за счет разной среды обитания. Однако, исследования показали, что различия между детьми, воспитанными раздельно, и близнецами, росшими в одной семье, практически отсутствуют. Другое исследование, проведенное в Дании, показало, что дети преступников, даже если их воспитывать в домах добропорядочных граждан, в большей степени склонны к конфликтам с законом, чем собственные отпрыски. Более того, есть все основания считать, что, если один из разлученных однояйцевых близнецов имеет судимость за уголовное преступление, второй рано или поздно тоже свернет на скользкую дорожку. Некоторые исследователи идут еще дальше и считают, что первопричина многих видов правонарушения, в первую очередь таких тяжких, как убийства, разбойные нападения, изнасилования и поджоги - не социальная, а биологическая. Самый серьезный удар по “теории о среде” нанесла сравнительно молодая наука – социобиология. Исследования на животных показали, что у агрессивных обезьян уровень одного из гормонов – серотина – ниже, чем у пассивных. Это, вполне возможно, относится и к человеку – у людей, совершивших преднамеренные насильственные преступления, тоже наблюдается недостаток этого гормона. Так кто же виноват: среда или генетика?

Результаты (английский) 1:

For example, he argued that the sloping forehead, a square jaw, coarse facial features, long arms, and muscular physique suggests innate criminal tendencies.
It took many years until the theory of the born criminal came to naught, lost its influence. Nevertheless, today the debate continues about the inheritance and criminal characteristics of the biological assumptions of criminal behavior.
The post-war economic growth has created the Western leaders dangerous delusion that any social problems can be overcome by conducting appropriate social policies and increasing budget allocations. Then it seemed that the man giving more benefits can be mitigated and even change its nature. Times have changed, and it became clear that neither the liberal reforms, neither the communist dictate not lead to the prosperity of society.
In 1979, the Center for the study of twins and adopted children in the United States began to observe hundreds of twins and triplets. All of them had been separated shortly after birth and raised in different parts of England and America. Experimenters have proceeded from the assumption that if the twins are identical, any differences that have arisen subsequently, it should be attributed to the different habitats. However, studies have shown that differences between children reared separately, and the twins that grew in the same family, are virtually absent.
Another study, conducted in Denmark, found that children of criminals, even if they are brought up in the homes of law-abiding citizens, are more likely to conflict with the law than their own offspring. Moreover, there is every reason to believe that, if one of the separated identical twins has been convicted of a criminal offense, a second sooner or later, too, will turn on a slippery slope.
Some researchers go further and say that the root cause of many types of offense in the first place such serious as murder, robbery, rape and arson - not social, and biological.
The most serious blow to the "theory of the environment" caused a relatively young science - sociobiology. Animal studies have shown that aggressive monkeys level of one of the hormones - serotonin - is lower than the passive. It is quite possible, applies to a person - in people who have committed intentional violent crime, too, there is a lack of this hormone. So who is to blame: Wednesday or genetics?

Результаты (английский) 2:

He claimed, for example, that a sloping forehead, a square chin, rough facial features, long arms, and a muscular physique speak of innate criminal tendencies.
It took many years until the theory of the born criminal came to naught, lost its influence. Nevertheless, there are still disputes about the inheritance of criminal qualities and the biological premises of criminal behaviour.
Post-war economic growth has created a dangerous misconception among Western leaders that any social problems can be dealt with by implementing appropriate social policies and increasing budgetary contributions. Then it seemed that by giving a person more benefits, it is possible to soften and even change his nature. Times have changed, and it has become clear that neither liberal reforms nor communist dictates have led to a society of prosperity.
In 1979, several hundred twins and triplets began to be observed at the Center for the Study of Twins and Adopted Children in the United States. All of them were separated shortly after birth and brought up in different parts of England and America. The experimenters assumed that if the twins were identical, all the differences that followed should be attributed to different habitats. However, studies have shown that there is little difference between children raised separately and twins who grew up in the same family.
Another study in Denmark showed that children of criminals, even if they were brought up in the homes of decent citizens, were more prone to conflicts with the law than their own offspring. Moreover, there is every reason to believe that if one of the separated identical twins has a criminal record, the second sooner or later will also turn on a slippery slope.
Some researchers go even further and believe that the root cause of many types of offenses, primarily such as murder, robbery, rape and arson - not social, but biological.
The most serious blow to the "theory of the environment" was inflicted by a relatively young science - sociobiology. Animal studies have shown that aggressive monkeys have lower levels of one of the hormones, serotine, than passive ones. This may well apply to the person - people who have committed deliberate violent crimes, too, there is a lack of this hormone. So who is to blame: environment or genetics?

Результаты (английский) 3:

For example, he claims that sloping forehead, square chin, rough features of the face, long hands, and a muscular body mean innate criminal tendencies.
It took many years, when the theory of a natural criminal disappeared and lost its influence. However, the debate on the right of succession of criminal nature and the biological preconditions for criminal acts continues.
The post-war economic growth has brought a dangerous mistake to Western leaders. Any social problem can be solved, Implement appropriate social policies and increase budget allocation. At that time, it seemed that giving people more benefits could lighten or even change their nature. The times have changed, and it is clear that neither liberal reform nor Communist dictatorship has brought about a prosperous society.
1979. At the twin and adopted child research center in the United States, hundreds of twins and triplets have been observed. They were separated shortly after birth and raised across the UK and the US. The researchers hypothesized that if the twins were the same, all subsequent differences should be attributed to different habitats. However, studies have shown that separated children are almost indistinguishable from twins in the same family.
Another study in Denmark found that children of criminals are more likely to conflict with the law even if they are raised in the home of good citizens. Than their own offspring. In addition, there are good reasons to believe that if a separated monozygotic twin is convicted of a criminal offence, Sooner or later, the second person will also go up the landslide.
Some researchers further believe that many types of crimes, especially murder, robbery and other serious crimes, are the root causes, Rape and arson are not social, but biological.
The "most serious blow" to environmental theory is relatively young science - sociobiology. Studies in animals have shown that serotonin, one of the hormones in aggressive monkeys, is lower than passive levels. This is entirely possible, and it also applies to people - people who have premeditated violent crimes, who also have a lack of this hormone. So whose fault is it: environment or genetics?