Культура ШотландииОбщая информацияС

Культура Шотландии
Общая информация
Со времен древних кельтских королей и господства клановой системы Шотландия остается верна своей культуре и традициям, делающим эту страну уникальным явлением в европейской и мировой истории. Культура Шотландии – не музейный экспонат, застывший в своем совершенстве. Это живое и вечно меняющееся явление, составляющее сокровенную суть шотландской нации.
Культура Шотландии вобрала в себя традиции всех населявших эту страну народов. Племена пиктов и кельтов, норманнские и англо-саксонские завоеватели в равной мере внесли свой вклад в формирование той особой шотландской ментальности, которая знакома нам по многочисленным романам и фильмам. Главными национальными чертами шотландцев считаются мужественность, патриотизм, романтизм, прагматизм в сочетании с бурным темпераментом, страсть к веселью и выпивке.
Шотландский национальный костюм
Шотландский костюм, ставший одним из главных символов этой страны происходит от древнего наряда горских кланов, впервые зафиксированного в документе XVI в. В основе этого наряда – шерстяная ткань тартан (у нас известная как «шотландка»), отличающаяся особым рисунком и сочетанием цветов, по которому можно опознать представителя определенного клана, социального статуса, военного подразделения или местности.
Из тартана изготавливается главная деталь традиционного костюма шотландца – клетчатая юбка килт, подпоясанная широким кожаным поясом, поверх которой, в качестве непременного аксессуара, на цепочке одевается сумка кожаная споран. В старину килт достигал длинны 4-8 метров. Его верхняя часть закручивалась вокруг туловища, закрепляясь на плече специальной брошью как плед и служила защитой от холода и непогоды. Длинные полы килта скрепляли внизу специальной булавкой «килтпином».
Сегодня на смену шерстяному пришел килт из синтетических материалов, а его размер сократился до длинны собственно юбки. Хотя шотландские военные и приверженцы традиций продолжают щеголять в «длинных килтах» и в XXI веке.
• КСТАТИ. По традиции, мужчины, в килте, не носят нижнего белья. Исключение составляют исполнители традиционных танцев и спортсмены во время Горских игр. Еще одна забавная традиция, связанная с шотландским костюмом – ношение громоздкой обуви, зрительно увеличивающей икры, связана с народными представлениями о том, что толстые икры свидетельствуют о большой мужской потенции.
В шотландском костюме килт дополняют высокие гольфы, просторная белая рубаха изо льна, твидовый пиджак (в официальных случаях – смокинг), массивные ботинки на высокой шнуровке, а также традиционные головные уборы – берет или похожая на пилотку шапочка «гленгарри». Женский вариант ношения традиционного костюма, придуманный сравнительно недавно, предусматривает комплект из килта, облегающей майки в цвет тартана, пледа-накидки «кейп» и берета.
Народная музыка и танцы Шотландии
Одним из ярких признаков того, что шотландцы сохраняют связь со своим древним культурным наследием, является та огромная популярность, которой в стране и по сей день пользуются традиционная музыка и танцы.
Главным символом исконно шотландской музыки, без сомнения является волынка (highland bagpipe), в древности бывшая чисто военным инструментом, под протяжные звуки которого без страха бросались в атаку ряды войнов-горцев. После того, как в XIX в. «волынка горцев», вместе с шотландскими полками вошла в состав регулярных войск Великобритании, началось ее победное шествие по всему миру. Сегодня шотландской волынкой пользуются военные и полицейские части таких стран, как США, Индия, Пакистан, Саудовская Аравия, Таиланд, ЮАР и Иордания. Самым впечатляющим примером демонстрации этого инструмента можно считать выступления военных оркестров волынщиков на парадах или фестивалях (например, на известном фестивале Millitary Tattoo в Эдинбурге), в которых могут принимать сотни музыкантов одновременно.
Нашла себе применения шотландская волынка и в мирной жизни. Ее активно используют музыканты, выступающие в самых различных жанрах – от фолка и попа, до рока и панк музыки. Шотландскую музыку на волынке можно часто слышать во время концертов в местных пабах и ночных клубах, а также на улицах популярных у туристов городов, где волынщикам обычно аккомпанируют барабанщики.
Шотландские танцы также являются одной из наиболее ярких и зрелищных форм культуры страны. Они подразделяются на бальные, сольные (мужские – «хайланд» и женские – «ледис степ») и простонародные («кейли» и «кантри дансинг»). Наиболее представительно выглядят мужские сольные танцы, исполняемые танцорами в полном традиционном облачении горца с необыкновенной торжественностью и изяществом. Наиболее доступными для большинства являются танцы кейли (от. шотл. ceilidh – «праздник»), сохранившие задор и простоту деревенских праздничных плясок, от которых они собственно и произошли. Культурные события в Шотландии
Благодаря генетической любви шотландцев к веселью и ярким событиям, разнообразие и размах праздников в этой стране действительно может впечатлить. Главный сезон праздников в Шотландии – август. На этот месяц приходятся такие популярнейшие массовые мероприятия, как фестиваль военных оркестров Edinburgh Military Tattoo, крупнейший арт-фестиваль Фриндж, Эдинбургский международный фестиваль и крупнейшие соревнования Горских игр – Cowal Highland Gathering.
Главные праздники Шотландии
• Новый год (1 января) – новогодние традиции шотландцев включают торжественный обед с непременным хаггисом и виски, а также праздничный обход друзей и родственников с пож

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Culture of Scotland

General information since the times of the ancient Celtic Kings and clan system rule Scotland stays true to its culture and traditions, makes this country unique in European and world history. Culture of Scotland-not a museum piece, frozen in its perfection. It is a vibrant and ever-changing phenomenon, constituting the innermost essence of Scottish nation.
Scottish Culture has absorbed the traditions of all the peoples inhabiting. The tribes Picts and Celts, Norman and Anglo-Saxon invaders equally contributed to the formation of the special Scottish mentality, which is familiar to us in numerous novels and films. The principal national features of Scots are masculinity, patriotism, romanticism, pragmatism coupled with stormy temperament, passion for fun and booze. Scottish national dress

Scottish costume, has become one of the main symbols of this country comes from the ancient attire of the mountain clans, the first recorded in the 16th century. The dress-Tartan wool fabric (there known as the "Plaid"), various patterns and combination of colors, which can be recognized by a particular clan, social status, the military unit or locality.
From tartana manufactured home part of the traditional costume of a Scotsman-Plaid kilt skirt, girdled with a wide leather belt, on top of which, as an indispensable accessory, necklace worn leather bag sporan. In ancient times the length of 4 amounted to kilt-8 meters. The upper part of the zakručivalas′ around the body, undertaking on the shoulder a special brooch like Plaid and served as protection from the cold and bad weather. Long floors hold the bottom special kilt pin "kiltpinom".
Today the woolen kilt came from synthetic materials, and its size has been reduced to the length of the skirts. Although the Scottish military and followers of the traditions continue to flaunt in the «long» and wearing kilts in the twenty-first century.
• BTW. Traditionally, men in a kilt, don't wear underwear. Exceptions are the performers of traditional dancers and athletes during the Highland Games. Another fun tradition associated with Scottish costume-wearing bulky shoes, visually increases your calves associated with the popular perception that thick calves show great male potency.
in the Scottish kilt costume complement the high knee socks, a large white shirt from flax, tweed jacket (in formal cases-Tuxedo), massive high lace-up boots, as well as traditional hats-takes or similar to pilotku Cap "Glengarry". The female version of wearing the traditional costume, invented relatively recently, provides for a set of armour, tight t-shirts in color tartana, plaid-apron "Cape and beret.
folk music and dances of Scotland
One of the clearest signs that the Scots retained a link with its ancient cultural heritage, is the enormous popularity in the country and still enjoy the traditional music and dance.
The main symbol of traditional Scottish music, without a doubt is the bagpipe (highland bagpipe), in antiquity the former purely military instrument, the drawn-out sounds which were to attack without fear of the Warriors-Highlanders. Once in the 19th century the "Bagpipe Highlanders, together with Scottish regiments joined the British regular troops, began its winning streak worldwide. Today the Scottish bagpipe are military and police of such countries as the United States, India, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Thailand, South Africa and Jordan. The most impressive example of the demonstration of the tool can be considered a statement of military orchestras of bagpipes in parades or festivals (for example, in the famous festival of Millitary Tattoo in Edinburgh), that can take hundreds of musicians at the same time.
found herself of Scottish bagpipes and a peaceful life. Its extensive use of musicians performing in a variety of genres, ranging from folk to pop, to rock and punk music. Scottish bagpipe music can often be heard during concerts in local pubs and nightclubs, as well as on the streets of the popular tourists cities, where volynŝikam is usually included drummers.
Scottish dances are also one of the most colourful and spectacular forms of the culture of the country. They are divided into the Ballroom, solo pictures (heiland-men and women-ladys step ") and prostonarodnye (" Kayleigh "and" country dancing "). The most impressive are the male solo dancing, performed by dancers in full traditional attire Highlander with unusual solemnity and elegance. The most readily available for most are dancing Kaley (from Scottish ceilidh. "holiday"), retaining the ardor and the simplicity of village festive dances, from where they actually occurred. Cultural events in Scotland thanks to genetic love
Scots to fun and bright events the diversity and breadth of the holidays in this country can really impress. The main holiday season in Scotland-August. For this month are the most popular events, as the Edinburgh Military Tattoo Festival Military Tattoo, the largest art Festival Fringe, Edinburgh International Festival and the major events of the Highland Games-Cowal Highland Gathering.
Top
Scotland holidays• New year's day (1 January)-new year's tradition of Scots include gala dinner with a haggisom and whiskey, as well as a bypass of friends and relatives with the amps

Результаты (английский) 2:

Culture of Scotland
General information
Since the ancient Celtic kings and rule of Scotland clan system remains true to its culture and traditions that makes this country unique in the European and world history. Culture of Scotland - not a museum piece, frozen in its perfection. It is a living and ever-changing phenomenon, constituting the innermost essence of the Scottish nation.
Culture Scotland absorbed the traditions of all the peoples who inhabited this country. Tribes of the Picts and Celts, Norman and Anglo-Saxon invaders equally contributed to the formation of the special Scottish mentality that is familiar to us in numerous novels and films. The main features of national Scots considered masculinity, patriotism, romanticism, pragmatism, combined with the rapid temperament, passion for fun and drinking.
Scottish national costume
Scottish costume, which became one of the main symbols of this country comes from the ancient attire mountain clans, first recorded in a document in the XVI . The basis of this dress - tartan woolen cloth (we have known as the "Scottish"), wherein a particular pattern and color combination by which to identify the representative of a particular clan, social status, military branch or location.
tartan manufactured from the main part of the traditional costume Scot - kilt kilt belted wide leather belt, over which, as an indispensable accessory, worn on a chain bag leather sporan. In the old kilt reaches a length of 4-8 meters. It swirled around the upper part of the body, being fixed on the shoulder with a brooch as a special blanket and served as protection from the cold and bad weather. Long floors kilt fastened with a pin at the bottom of the special "kiltpinom."
Today has come to replace the wool kilt made ​​of synthetic materials, and its size is reduced to the actual length of the skirt. Although the Scottish military tradition and supporters continue to flaunt "long kilts" in the XXI century.
• BTW. Traditionally, men, in a kilt, do not wear underwear. Exceptions are traditional dance performers and athletes during the Mountain Games. Another fun tradition associated with the Scottish costume - wearing bulky shoes, visually increasing the calf associated with traditional notions that thick calves show big male potency.
Scottish kilt suit complement high socks, white shirt spacious linen, tweed jacket (in formal occasions - Tuxedo), massive high lace-up boots, as well as traditional headgear - or takes his cap like a cap "Glengarry." Female version of wearing traditional costume invented relatively recently, provides a set of kilt-fitting shirts in color tartan, plaid-cape "cape" and beret.
Folk music and dances of Scotland
One of the clearest signs that the Scots keep in touch with their ancient cultural heritage is the enormous popularity, which in the country and still enjoy the traditional music and dances.
the main symbol of the native Scottish music, without a doubt the bagpipes (highland bagpipe), the ancient former purely military instrument, under which twangs without fear rushed to the attack ranks of warriors Highlanders. Once in the XIX century. "Highlanders bagpipe", together with the Scottish regiments joined the British regular troops, began its triumphal march around the world. Today Scottish bagpipe use military and police units in countries such as the USA, India, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Thailand, South Africa and Jordan. The most impressive example for demonstrating this tool can be considered performances of military bands of bagpipers in parades or festivals (for example, at the famous festival in Edinburgh Millitary Tattoo), which can take hundreds of musicians simultaneously.
found use Scottish bagpipes and peaceful life. It is actively used by musicians performing in a variety of genres - from folk and pop to rock and punk music. Scottish bagpipe music can often be heard during the concerts in the local pubs and nightclubs, as well as the streets of popular tourist cities, where the piper is usually accompanied by drummers.
Scottish dances are also one of the most exciting and spectacular forms of culture. They are divided into ballroom solo (male - "highland" and women - "Ladies step") and folksy ("Ceili" and "country dance hall"). Most men look presentable solo dances performed by dancers in full traditional garb mountaineer with unusual solemnity and grace. Most are available for most ceili dancing (Rev. Shotley. Ceilidh - «feast"), retained enthusiasm and simplicity of rural festive dances from which they actually occurred. Cultural events in Scotland
Through genetic Scots love the fun and colorful events, the diversity and breadth of the holidays in this country can really impress. The main holiday season in Scotland - August. The monthly fall such popular mass events as the festival of military orchestras Edinburgh Military Tattoo, the largest art Fringe Festival, the Edinburgh International Festival and the biggest competitions of the Mountain Games - Cowal Highland Gathering.
Major Holidays Scotland
• New Year (January 1) - New Year's tradition of Scots include a gala dinner indispensable haggis and whiskey, as well as festive bypassing friends and relatives with AMP

Результаты (английский) 3:

Culture Scotland
general information
this album since the time of the ancient kings and domination clan system Scotland remains true to its culture and traditions,Eat this country a unique phenomenon in the European and world history. Scotland's culture is not the museum exhibit, cured in his works. This is a lively and forever changing phenomenon,constituting the essence crucified scottish nations.
Culture Scotland incorporates the traditions all peoples who inhabited the country. The tribes пиктов and mladã¡ Boleslav,Норманнские and anglo-saxon conquerors in equally contributed to the formation of a special scottish mentality, which is familiar to many navy and movies.The main national characteristics are considered to be healthier scotland masculinity, patriotism, richly ornamented, pragmatism in combination with tigerish chemists, a passion to whirl and serious stuff.
Scottish national costume
The Scottish costume, which has become one of the main characters that country is from the ancient ro mountain clans, for the first time recorded in the document (XVI century.On the basis of this work order - wool cloth Marco Andretti (we have a well-known as the "mixture" ), is a particular pattern and by a combination of colors, which can be identified by having a representative clan, social status,Military units or terrain.
they went up from the main part is manufactured traditional costume disappointed Jani - if - gorgeous checked skirt килт, подпоясанная wide leather waistband, over which,As the sine qua non accessory mount, on a chain dress bag leather споран. In the anciently килт reached doom 4 to 8 meters. Its upper part of закручивалась around the torso,The glauconite shoulder special брошью as a blanket and to serve as a protection from the cold and inclement weather. Long floors килта ultimate bottom special trigger "килтпином" .
Today the single килт came from synthetic materials, and its size was reduced to doom the skirt.Although scottish military and followers traditions continue to щеголять in "long original competitions were organized, and in the twenty-first century.
- in fact. By tradition, the men, the Tishman, are not of a lower room.The exception to this is the traditional dances and athletes during the hill-games. Another fun tradition, associated with the Scottish costume - wearing cumbersome shoes, visually adds calf,Is linked to the people's perception that thick calf has showed that there is a large male potency.
in Scottish dress килт complement the high knee-highs, a spacious white women wore daily flax,bootbrush jacket (in official cases, it can be adapted for every haircut style), massive boots at high lace-up, as well as traditional headgear - assumes or similar on the stairs the FIA 'Glengarry Glen Ross' ".Female option wearing traditional costume, coined relatively recently, provides set of килта, wear close-fitting clothing t-shirts in the color they went up, пледа-ponchos "cape" and inscription.
folk music and dance Scotland
One of the vivid evidence that pretender retain links with their ancient cultural heritage, is the huge popularity, which in the country, and to this day enjoy the traditional music and dance.
The main character inherently scottish music, without a doubt is a doodle (highland bаgpipe), in antiquity the former purely military tool, under the wistful sounds which without fear thrown in rows warriors attack the Montagnard Foundation.After the fact, as in the nineteenth century. "Doodle Montagnard Foundation", together with the Scottish shelves has joined in the composition of the regular troops of Great Britain, began its contending political forces around the world.Today scottish forum’S program was very rich enjoy military and police of the countries, such as the USA, India, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Thailand, South Africa and Jordan.The most impressive example of demonstration of this tool, you can take it by military orchestras fos on "somewhere or festivals (for example, on the famous festival Millitаry Tattoo in Edinburgh),In which can take hundreds of musicians simultaneously.
has found its application of the Scottish doodle and in a peaceful life. Its active use musicians, speakers in a variety of genres - from dearest price and Popa,Up to rock and punk music. Scottish music on the "Doodle" can be heard often during the concerts in the local pubs and night clubs, as well as on the streets popular with tourists cities,Where волынщикам usually Tatiana Shmyga and Elena Ionova chanters.
Scottish dances are also one of the most vibrant and spectacular forms of culture of the country. They are divided into the ballroom,mazy (male - "хаиланд" and women's - "down ladies step") and Ahikam ( "keighley" and "country his memory had no need" ). The most legal traditions look male solo dance,Executable dancers in full traditional dress Montagnard with extraordinary solemnity and grace. The most accessible for the majority of the dances at Keighley (from. шотл. сeilidh - "holiday" ),retentionist passion and simplicity village holidays burial, from which they in fact and have occurred. Cultural events in Scotland
through genetic love aims to whirl and bright events,The diversity and magnitude holidays in this country can really impress. The main season holidays in Scotland - August. For this month are located such chart-topping mass events,As the festival military orchestras Edinburgh Military Tattoo, the world's largest art festival Фриндж, the Edinburgh International festival and the largest competitions Mountain games - Cоwаl Highland gathering.
the main holidays Scotland
The new year (1 January) - Christmas traditions aims include dinner with a sine qua non хаггисом and whisky, as well as holiday bypass friends and relatives with btw