1.3 Аутсорсинг в логистикеПо резуль

1.3 Аутсорсинг в логистике
По результатам проведенных исследований отмечено, что в подавляющем числе существующие определения логистического аутсорсинга рассматривают его как полный или частичный отказ от одной из функций в пользу сторонней ор¬ганизации, обладающей необходимой компетенцией, для оптимизации деятельно¬сти, направленной на оперативное управление. Однако установлено, что правиль¬ное определение ключевых компетенций, дающих возможность компании зани¬мать лидирующее положение в избранном сегменте рынка, прежде всего, обу¬словливает основная стратегия развития компании. Таким образом, в результате того, что все функциональные области, которые охватывает логистический аут¬сорсинг, тесно связаны с корпоративной стратегией компании, а сам аутсорсинг непременно подразумевает взаимодействие организаций, эффект от передачи функций должен учитываться прежде всего в стратегическом значении для фир¬мы. Это позволяет рассматривать логистический аутсорсинг как стратегию пове¬дения компании на рынке логистических услуг.
В свою очередь, по причине тесной взаимосвязи стратегии логистического аутсорсинга с корпоративной стратегией, с точки зрения теории менеджмента передача функций аутсорсеру не может рассматриваться как полный отказ от вы¬полнения логистических функций вследствие того, что за компанией остаются основные функции управления, такие как планирование, координация и контроль данным взаимодействием. Т.е. можем лишь говорить о включении в управление сторонней организации посредством передачи ей технологической составляющей управления процессом. Исходя из этого, определим следующее понятие:
Логистический аутсорсинг– включение в рамках стратегических целей ло¬гистической системы в управление логистическими процессами сторонней орга¬низации путем передачи ей для управления технологической составляющей биз¬нес-процессов.
Предложенное определение позволяет не только конкретизировать сущ¬ность рассматриваемого понятия на основе обобщения стратегических составля¬ющих для деятельности предприятия, но и устранить противоречие большинства определений заключающееся в том, что предприятие не отказывается от выполнения логистический функций, а включает в процесс управления партнеров, оставляя за собой функции управления данным взаимодействием [7, с.117].
Выделив понятие логистического аутсорсинга, бесспорно можно утверждать, что в современном мире логистика на предприятия обособляется как отдельно функционирующая структура. Но какие элементы бизнес-процессов разумно передавать на аутсорсинг? На рисунке 1.1 выделены логистические функции, которые могут быть переданы на аутсорсинг:
Рисунок 1.1 – Вариант применения аутсорсинга логистических функций[28]

Вспомним основные доминирующие функции логистики, рассмотрим каждую с точки зрения необхо¬димого уровня контроля над ней и, следовательно, привлекатель¬ности передачи ее на аутсор¬синг.
1. Управление запасами. Данную функции в последнее время все чаще стали передавать на аутсорсинг по следующим причинам:
- этот процесс очень важен для любой организации. Ещё 5-10 лет назад предприятия контролировали управление запасами сами. Сейчас же, с появлением 3PL операторов, есть возможность передать на аутросинг, так как нет смысла идти на расходы по оплате высококвалифицирован¬ных специалистов, внедрению и поддержке прогрессивных ин¬формационных систем на складе предприятия, когда все это реализовано на высоком уровне у логистического оператора;
- однако большинство данных, которые используются для управления за¬пасами, составляют коммерче¬скую тайну; к тому же инертность мышления руководителей компании-заказчика тормозит развития рынка аутсорсинга в управлении запасами.
2. Таможенное оформление. При таможенном оформле¬нии практически всег¬да пользуются услугами сторон¬ней организации – таможенного брокера. Вкратце напомним его основные функции:
- подготовка грузовой тамо¬женной декларации и ее элек¬тронной копии;
- подборка пакета документов для таможенного оформления;
- подача декларации в тамож¬ню и сопровождение процесса «растаможки»;
- по договоренности декларирование за своей брокерской печатью.
Передать эти функции на аут¬сорсинг имеет смысл, так как:
- здесь нет необходимости в вы¬соком уровне контроля стороны предприятия, потому что этот процесс и так контролируется очень тщательно. Таможня сама все прокон¬тролирует. Дополнительно к таможенным брокерам изна¬чально предъявляются высокие требования со стороны государ¬ства, что дает дополнительную га¬рантию их профессионализма;
- эта сфера деятельности весьма специфична и высокозатратна. Для того чтобы выполнять эти функции самой, организация должна иметь в своем штате осо¬бо обученных специалистов по таможенному оформлению – декларантов, аттестованных тамо¬жней, которые к тому же обязаны периодически проходить переат¬тестацию. Помимо этого, нужно специальное программное обес¬печение, самокопирующиеся бланки ГТД и т.д.
3. Транспорт и склад. Как в пер¬вых двух пунктах, здесь нет таких одноз¬начных предпочтений, и каждая орга¬низация самостоятельно будет принимать решение, передавать ли выполнение этих функций сто¬ронней организации, или нет, ис¬ходя из той конкретной ситуации, в которой она работает. Вот тут-то и имеет смысл еще раз вспомнить, что контроль стоит ресурсов и вы¬бирать его уровень следует исходя из соображений необходимости и достаточности этого контроля. При этом учитываются:

Результаты (английский) 1:

1.3 Outsourcing in logisticsAccording to the results of the studies noted that in the vast majority of existing definitions of logistics outsourcing, see it as a full or partial waiver of one of the functions in favor of a third-party organization with ¬ ERS necessary competence for performance optimization ¬, aimed at operational management. However, it is established that the correct definition of key competences NOE ¬, enabling companies in ¬ a mother leading position in chosen market segment, first and foremost, ¬ slovlivaet the basic strategy of company development. Thus, as a result of all the functional areas covered by the logistics out ¬ sourcing, are closely linked to the company's corporate strategy and outsourcing will certainly involve collaboration between organizations, the effect of the transfer of functions must be taken into account particularly in strategic importance for IDF ¬ we. This allows us to consider logistics outsourcing as a strategy to conduct ¬ vision company in the market of logistic services.In turn, because of the close relationship of the logistics outsourcing strategy with corporate strategy, in terms of the theory of transfer of management Outsourcer cannot be regarded as a complete rejection of the logistics functions of recruitment, ¬ you due to the fact that the company remain the core functions of the Office, such as planning, coordination and control of data interaction. IE can only talk about inclusion in third party management by passing her a technological component of process control. On this basis, define the following concept:Logistics outsourcing-inclusion within the strategic objectives of the Lo gističeskoj ¬ system in supply chain management processes, a third-party organization to organization by passing her ¬ to manage technological content biz ¬ NES-processes.The proposed definition allows not only to flesh out concepts under consideration Ness ¬ n on the basis of generalization of strategic value for the activity of the enterprise workforce ¬, but most definitions eliminate the contradiction that the company does not refuse from execution of logistic functions and includes the process of managing partners, leaving the responsibility for data management interaction [7, s. 117].Highlighting the concept of logistics outsourcing, no doubt you can argue that in the modern world of enterprise logistics became as separately functioning structure. But what are the elements of business processes reasonably refer to outsourcing? Figure 1.1 highlighted logistics functions that could be transferred to outsourcing:Figure 1.1-option application outsourcing logistics functions [28]Remember the main dominant features of logistics, we consider each in terms of the necessary level of control over the operation of ¬ it and hence attractive to the transfer of its productivity ¬ using ¬ Singh.1. Inventory management. This function recently increasingly refer to outsourcing for the following reasons:-This process is very important for any organization. Another 5-10 years ago the company controlled stock management yourself. Now, with the advent of 3PL operators have the opportunity to pass on autrosing, because it makes no sense to go to professional costs ¬ specialists, implementation and support of progressive information ¬ systems in stock companies, when all this is done at a high level, the logistics operator;However, most of the data that are used to control for ¬ pasami constitute commercial ¬ Polish secret; Besides mental inertia of managers of the company-customer inhibits market development outsourcing in inventory management.2. customs clearance. Customs decorated ¬ Yes ¬ METR almost Research Institute used the services of the parties to the United Nations-¬ Customs Broker. Briefly recall its main functions:-preparation of cargo customs declaration and its policy ¬ Elek ¬ throne copies;-compilation of the package of documents for customs clearance;-submission of declaration in tamož ¬ nude and accompaniment process of customs clearance;-by agreement due to its Declaration of brokering printing.Delegate these functions to the timeout ¬ sourcing makes sense because:-There is no need in you ¬ juice level the control side of the enterprise, because this process and so is monitored very carefully. Customs itself all Prokon ¬ troliruet. In addition to customs brokers rape ¬ originally high demands from the public, thus giving ¬ additional HA ¬ guarantee their professionalism;-This activity quite specific and vysokozatratna. In order to carry out these functions, the Organization must have a staff of CCA ¬ Bo trained customs clearance specialists-certified customs declarants ¬ žnej, which are also required to periodically undergo pereat ¬ testaciû. In addition, you need special software ¬ cookies, self-copying forms GTD etc.3. transport and storage. As the two new paragraphs ¬ here no such odnoz ¬ scientist preferences, and each organization ¬ organization alone will decide whether to pass these functions one hundred MC button ¬ organization or not, although the ¬ IP specific situations in which it operates. And here it makes sense to once again remember that control is worth the resources and you can freely select ¬ his level should be based on considerations of necessity and sufficiency the control. This includes:

Результаты (английский) 2:

1.3 Outsourcing in logistics
According to the results of the research pointed out that the vast number of existing definitions of logistics outsourcing see it as a total or partial refusal of one of the functions for the benefit of a third party or¬ganizatsii possessing the necessary competence to optimize deyatelno¬sti aimed at the operational management . However, it found that pravil¬noe definition of key competencies, enabling us zani¬mat leading position in chosen market segment, primarily obu¬slovlivaet basic strategy of the company. Thus, due to the fact that all the functional areas covered by the logistics aut¬sorsing, closely linked to the corporate strategy, and the outsourcing necessarily implies cooperation organizations, the impact of devolution should be considered primarily in strategic importance for fir¬my. This allows us to consider the logistics outsourcing as a strategy pove¬deniya companies in the logistics market.
In turn, because of the close relationship of logistics outsourcing strategy with the corporate strategy, from the point of view of the theory of management outsourcer transfer of functions can not be regarded as a complete rejection of vy¬polneniya logistics functions due to the fact that for now remain the main management functions such as planning, coordination and control of data interaction. Those. we can only talk about the inclusion in the management of a third party by the transfer of the technological component of the process control. On this basis, we define the following notion:
Logistics autsorsing- inclusion in the strategic objectives lo¬gisticheskoy system in the management of third-party logistics processes orga¬nizatsii by transferring it to control the technological component biz¬nes processes.
The proposed definition allows you to specify not only susch¬nost of the concept based on the aggregation of strategic sostavlya¬yuschih for the enterprise, but also to eliminate the contradiction most of definition is that the company does not refuse to perform logistics functions, and includes the management of partners, leaving a management interaction data [7, .117].
Highlighting the concept of logistics outsourcing is certainly possible to argue that in the modern world logistics enterprises segregated functioning as a separate structure. But what elements of business processes intelligently outsource? Figure 1.1 highlighted logistical functions that can be outsourced:
Figure 1.1 - Option of outsourcing logistics functions [28] Let us remember the main dominant feature of logistics, we consider each in terms neobho¬dimogo level of control over it, and therefore privlekatel¬nosti transfer it to autsor¬sing. 1. Inventory Management. This function has recently become increasingly outsource the following reasons: - this process is very important for any organization. More 5-10 years ago, the company controlled inventory management themselves. Now, with the emergence of 3PL operators have the opportunity to pass on autrosing, since it makes no sense to go to the expense of paying vysokokvalifitsirovan¬nyh experts, implementation and support of advanced systems in¬formatsionnyh stock companies, when all this is implemented at a high level at the logistics operator ; - but most of the data that are used to control za¬pasami constitute kommerche¬skuyu secret; besides the inertia of thinking heads of the client company slows down the development of the outsourcing market in inventory management. 2. Customs clearance. At customs almost oformle¬nii vseg¬da storon¬ney use the services of the organization - a customs broker. We briefly recall its main features: - Preparation of cargo tamo¬zhennoy Declaration and its elek¬tronnoy copies; - the selection of a package of documents for customs clearance; - submission of declaration in tamozh¬nyu and support the process of "customs clearance"; - as agreed declaration of its brokerage printing . Send these functions aut¬sorsing makes sense because: - there is no need for vy¬sokom level of control of the enterprise, because the process is controlled and so very carefully. Customs itself all prokon¬troliruet. In addition to customs brokers izna¬chalno high demands on the part of gosudar¬stva that provides additional ga¬rantiyu their professionalism; - this sphere of activity is very specific and costly. In order to perform these functions itself, the organization must have a staff oso¬bo trained specialists in customs clearance - declarants certified tamo¬zhney, which are also required to undergo periodic pereat¬testatsiyu. In addition, you need special software obes¬pechenie, self-copying forms GTE, etc. 3. Transport and storage. Like per¬vyh two points, there is no such odnoz¬nachnyh preferences, and each orga¬nizatsiya alone will decide whether to pass these functions sto¬ronney organization or not, is¬hodya of the particular situation in which it is working. That was then, and it makes sense to remember once again that the control is resource vy¬birat and its level should be based on considerations of necessity and sufficiency of these controls. This takes into account:

Результаты (английский) 3:

the outsourcing of logistics. on the basis of the studies notedin the vast majority of the existing definitions of logistics outsourcing is considered as a complete or partial failure of one of the functions for the host ор¬ганизации,possessing the necessary competence, to optimize the деятельно¬сти aimed at operational management. however, it is found that the правиль¬ное identifying core competenceenable the company зани¬мать leading position in one segment of the market, first of all, обу¬словливает the main development strategy of the company. thus, as a result ofall functional areas, which covers the logistics аут¬сорсинг, closely linked with the corporate strategy, the company and the outsourcing will imply the interaction.the effect of the transfer functions must be taken into account, especially in the strategic significance for фир¬мы. this allows us to consider logistics outsourcing as a strategy пове¬дения company in the market of logistics services.in turn, because of the close relationship between logistics outsourcing strategy with corporate strategyfrom the perspective of the theory of management аутсорсеру transfer functions can be considered as a waiver of вы¬полнения logistics functions as a result of the fact that the company remain the core functions of the office.such as planning, coordination and control of the interaction. i.e.we can only talk about the inclusion in multilateral organizations, through the office of the technological part of management. on this basis, we define the following notion:
logistics аутсорсинг– inclusion in the strategic objectives ло¬гистической system in office logistic processes external орга¬низации by transferring to it for management of technologyбиз¬нес processes.
the proposed definition allows not only to specify сущ¬ность the idea on the basis of the consolidation of the strategic составля¬ющих for businessbut most of the definitions of and to address the contradiction, the enterprise to the logistics functions and includes the management of partnersleaving a management data interface [7, с.117].
with the concept of logistics outsourcing, it can be arguedin the modern world logistics enterprises обособляется as separately functioning structure. but what are the elements of business processes makes sense to outsource? figure 1.1 are logistic functions that may be outsourced:
figure 1.1 - version of outsourcing logistics functions [28]

and the dominant function of logisticsexamine each in terms of необхо¬димого level control and, consequently, привлекатель¬ности transfer it to аутсор¬синг.
1. inventory management.the functions are becoming increasingly began to transfer to outsourcing for the following reasons:
- this process is very important for any organization. another 5 to 10 years ago, the enterprise control the inventory management.now, with the advent of 3PL operators have the opportunity to аутросинг, so there's no need to pay the costs высококвалифицирован¬ных professionalsimplementation and support progressive ин¬формационных systems in the warehouse enterprise when it is implemented at a high level the logistics operator;
- however, most of the datawhich are used for the management of за¬пасами are коммерче¬скую secret; besides, the inertia of thinking of the company's customer slows development outsourcing market in the management of stocks.
2.customs clearance. in the customs оформле¬нии almost всег¬да use сторон¬ней is the customs broker. briefly recall its main functions:.- preparation of the тамо¬женной declaration and its элек¬тронной copies;
- a compilation of documents for customs clearance;
- a declaration in support of the тамож¬ню and растаможки»;.- agreement declaring their brokering seal.
to transfer these functions at аут¬сорсинг sense as:
- there is no need to вы¬соком level control by the enterprisebecause this process is monitored very carefully. customs can прокон¬тролирует. in addition to customs brokers изна¬чально placed high demands on the part of государ¬ства,what is more га¬рантию their professionalism;
- this area is very specific, and высокозатратна. in order to carry out the functions of thethe organization must have a staff of trained professionals осо¬бо customs clearance is декларантов, certificated тамо¬жней, which also must periodically be переат¬тестацию. in addition, theyou need special software обес¬печение, самокопирующиеся forms tbg etc.
3. transport and storage. in пер¬вых two paragraphs, there is no such одноз¬начных preferenceseach орга¬низация itself will decide, to have these functions сто¬ронней organization or not, ис¬ходя from the specific situation, in which she works.here's the sense again, remember that the control cost of resources and вы¬бирать its level should be based on the necessity and sufficiency of this control. taking into account: