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английский) 3:
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that's what people will change the organs in your body, as spare parts in the car. today doctors can reproduce most organs, kidneys, lungs, heart, liver, even the cornea. but for organ transplant will need a donor is dead or alive. a donor is always less than the people they need. and the more developed organ transplantation, acute shortage of organs. but the parallel development and cellular technologies, which will solve the problem.stem cells, which, созревая into cells of all tissues and organs, known for a long time. in 2006, japanese biologist shinya yamanaka by complex genetic manipulation as if turned the cellular clock and mature differentiated cells back to the stem. through this work, he has become famous all over the world and has received in the past year, the nobel peace prize. received a well deserved: if we are able to obtain stem cells, they can repair the damaged organs and even to grow new.in fact, this has already been done. for example, in laboratory experiments already possible partial repair hearts when stem cells replace scar tissue after a heart attack. the cells перепрограммируются lesions with special substances, regulating the activity of genes and the growth of blood vessels in the area of scar, and with time, it is a healthy heart muscle. methods of making rapidly: in the work, published in nature, the authors provide a way to obtain a large number of stem cells in the tissue, not in vitro and in the living organism.another перспективнее look experiments of cultivation for bodies in vitro. in addition to stem cells, requires only a frame body. to make it, scientists from the массачусетской clinic and laboratory experiment on rats: got a kidney from one animal and using a soap bubble solution removed of all living cells. so a "skeleton" for a body, consisting of connective tissue. the skeleton of the fill stem cells from recipient mice and placed it in the solution containing all the necessary substances.over time, the stem cells filled the space, and a kidney offer. it even has successfully transplanted rat: body of a, uh, mince the blood and produce urine.
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