Первыми, кто предложил искать призн

Первыми, кто предложил искать признаки, связанные с преступным поведением, в особенностях внешности человека, явились сторонники физиогномики (например, Лафатер). Они называли в числе таких признаков маленькие уши, пышные ресницы, маленькие носы, большие губы и т. д. Однако какой-либо устойчивой связи между этими признаками и преступным поведением выявить не удалось.
Схожей с физиогномией теорией была френология, изучавшая внешние особенности черепа человека, которые, по мнению френологов, являлись показателями его личных черт, свойств и склонностей. Одни выступы на черепе считались индикаторами «нижних» функций мозга (например, агрессивности), а другие представляли «высшие» функции и склонности (в том числе мораль). Считалось, что у преступников «нижние» стремления преобладают над «высшими». Наиболее известным френологом был Франц Йозеф Галль.
 Галль считал, что «преступления являются продуктом индивидов, их совершающих, а следовательно, их характер зависит от природы этих индивидов и от тех условий, в которых эти индивиды находятся; лишь принимая во внимание эту природу и эти условия, можно правильно оценивать преступления».
 Галль также стал первым, кто предложил классификацию преступников в зависимости от биологических признаков. Он предложил делить их на три категории:
Первая категория — это преступники, которые хотя и совершают преступления, но по своим внутренним качествам способны побороть дурные влечения и бороться с преступными соблазнами.Вторая категория — люди, которые являются обездоленными от природы и в силу этого легко поддаются преступным влечениям.Третья категория — промежуточная, эти люди способны встать как на путь исправления, так и на путь дальнейшего совершения преступлений в зависимости от того, какое влияние оказывает на них внешняя
 Физиогномика и френология стали предшественницами криминальной антропологии, учения, которое часто связывается с работами итальянского криминолога Чезаре Ломброзо и его учеников. Ломброзо считал, что преступникам присущи аномалии внутреннего и внешнего анатомического строения, характерные для первобытных людей и человекообразных обезьян.

Результаты (английский) 1:

The first who suggested to look for signs of associated with criminal behaviour, characteristics of human appearance, were supporters of physiognomy (for example, Lavater). They called such signs of small ears, lush lashes, small noses, big lips, etc. However, any sustainable relationships between these characteristics and criminal behaviour to identify failed.Similar to the fiziognomiej theory of phrenology, a Panel was exterior features of the skull man, who, according to frenologov, were indicators of his personal traits, properties and propensities. Some projections on the skull were considered indicators of "lower" brain functions (e.g., aggressiveness), while others were "higher" functions and inclinations (including morality). It was believed that criminals "lower" desire "take precedence over higher." The most famous frenologom was Franz Joseph Gall. Gall believed that crime is a product of individuals, their perpetrators and consequently their nature depends on the nature of these individuals and from the environment in which these individuals are; only taking into account the nature and these conditions, can be properly assessed. Gall also became the first to propose a classification of offenders depending on the biological traits. He proposed to divide them into three categories:The first category is the criminals who commit crimes though, but your inner qualities are able to overcome the bad drive and fight the criminal temptations. The second category — people who are disadvantaged by nature and therefore easily crime drives. The third category is intermediate, these people are able to stand up as the way, and a way to further the Commission of offences, depending on the impact on them of external Physiognomy and phrenology became predecessors of criminal anthropology, teaching, which is often associated with the works of the Italian criminologist Cesare Lombroso and his disciples. Lombroso believed that criminals are inherent abnormalities of the internal and external anatomical structure characteristic of primitive humans and great apes.

Результаты (английский) 2:

The first who offered to look for signs associated with criminal behavior in a person's appearance features, were supporters of physiognomy (eg, Lavater). They called in the number of such features small ears, lush lashes, small nose, large lips and so on. D. However, a stable connection could not be detected between these traits and criminal behavior.
Similar to the physiognomy theory was phrenology, studied the external characteristics of the human skull which, according to phrenology is an indication of his personal traits, characteristics and propensities. Some ridges on the skull were considered as indicators of "lower" functions of the brain (eg, aggressiveness), and the other is "higher" functions and dispositions (including ethics). It was believed that the criminals "lower" aspirations prevail over the "higher." The most famous of phrenology was Franz Joseph Gall.
 Gall believed that "crimes are the product of individuals, their perpetrators and, consequently, their character depends on the nature of these individuals and on the conditions in which these individuals are; only taking into account the nature of these conditions, it is possible to correctly assess the crime. "
 Gall also became the first to propose a classification of criminals, depending on the biological characteristics. He proposed to divide them into three categories:
The first category - are criminals who, while committing the crime, but in their inner qualities can overcome the evil inclination and combat criminal temptations second category - people who are disadvantaged by nature and by virtue of that.? easily criminal inclinations.? the third category - intermediate, these people are able to stand up as a way of correction, and on the way to further the commission of offenses, depending on what kind of influence on their external
 physiognomy and phrenology was the predecessor of criminal anthropology, the doctrine, which is often associated with the work of the Italian criminologist Cesare Lombroso and his disciples. Lombroso believed that criminals are inherent anomalies of the internal and external anatomy characteristic of primitive people and apes.

Результаты (английский) 3:

first, who offered to look for signs of associated with criminal conduct, the features of people"s physical appearances were supporters of физиогномики (for example, lavater). they called such signs, small ears, lush eyelashes, small nose, big mouth and so on. d. however, a stable link between these characteristics and criminal behaviour were identified.similar to физиогномией theory was изучавшая phrenology, the external characteristics of the human skull, which, according to the френологов were indicators of personal traits, qualities and inclinations. some projections on the skull were considered as indicators of the нижних» brain functions (e.g., aggressiveness) and others were "высшие» functions and tendencies (including morality). considered that the perpetrators "нижние» will prevail over the высшими». the most famous френологом was franz joseph gall. галль felt that "crime is a product of individuals, their perpetrators and, consequently, their nature depends on the nature of these individuals and the environments in which these individuals are, only taking into account the nature of these conditions, we can correctly evaluate the offence. галль also became the first proposed a classification of offenders, depending on the biological characteristics. he offered to divide them into three categories:the first category is the criminals who commit crimes, though, but to its inner qualities can overcome the bad feelings and deal with criminal соблазнами.вторая category - the people who are affected by nature and therefore easy to criminal влечениям.третья category - en, these people can stand on the path, and the path дальнейше the crime depending on the influence of the external физиогномика and phrenology began предшественницами criminal anthropology, exercises, which is often associated with the works of the italian криминолога cesare ломброзо and his students. ломброзо believed that criminals have abnormalities of the internal and external anatomy structures of primitive humans and great apes.