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Starting from the midde of 1980 the language-teaching profession was in the search of different methods that allow successfully teach students a foreign language in the classroom.
According to the Edward Anthony (1963), who gave us the concept that "method", was second of three elements in teaching methods: approach, method and technique. Let's look at each of them.
Approach - a set of assumptions dealing with the nature of language, learning, and teaching.
Method - an overall plan for systematic presentation of language based upon a selected approach.
Techniques - specific activities manifested in the classroom that were consistent with a method and therefore were in harmony with an approach as well.
Several years later, Jack Richards and Theodore Rodgers, who thought that definition "method" was wider then "Edwards definition" proposed a new formulation of the concept of "method".
"Of The Approach, method and technology of of Anthony" Were Renamed "Approach, the design and the procedure to the describe the this a three-step process, the which is now! Just Called the" method ". According to Their theory we CAN the identify the basic, definitions:
the Method - an umbrella TERM for the specification and interrelation of theory and practice.
Approach DEFINES Assumptions, beliefs, and Theories about the nature of language and language learning.
Designs the the Specify the relationship of Those Theories to classroom materials and activities Insider.
the Procedures are the techniques and practices That are derived from one's approach and design .
And Rodgers made Richards a principal to two two Contributions to Our Understanding of the concept of method:
for They IDENTIFIED basic, the elements of a six designs:
a. objectives;
b. syllabus (criteria for selection and organization of linguistic and subject- matter content);
c. activities;
d. roles learner
an e. roles teacher Have
f. role of instructional materials.
The latter three features play a great role in the process of education.
Richards and Rodgers nudged us into at last relinquishing the notion that separate, definable, discrete methods are the essential building blocks of methodology. By helping us to think in terms of an approach that undergirds our language designs (curricula), which are realized by various procedures (techniques),
we Could see That Methods, as with we to still use and Understand the TERM, are of too Restrictive, of too the pre-Programmed, and of too "the pre-packaged." Now we of currently the make an ample the reference to "methodology" as with Our superordinate umbrella TERM, RESERVING the term "method" for somewhat specific, identifiable clusters of theoretically compatible classroom techniques.
The set is a Following of definitions That Reflect the current usage:
Methodology - Pedagogical practices in general of (Including Theoretical underpinnings of and related research).
Approach - theoretically well-informed positions and beliefs about the nature of language, the nature of language learning, and the applicability of both to pedagogical settings.
Method - a generalized set of classroom specifications for accomplishing linguistic objectives. Methods tend to be concerned primarily with teacher and student roles and behaviors and secondarily with such features as linguistic and subject-matter objectives, sequencing, and materials.
Curriculum / syllabus: designs for carrying out a particular language program. Features include a primary concern with the specification of linguistic and subject-matter objectives, sequencing, and materials to meet the needs of a designated group of learners in a defined context.
Technique - any of a wide variety of exercises, activities, or tasks used in the language classroom for realizing lesson objectives.
To conclude we can see, based on the text of the article, all of the above terms are closely linked. In the process of teaching method serves as an orderly way to related activities of teacher and students to achieve specific educational goals as a way of training and learning activities of students. The use of each method of training is usually followed by techniques and tools and technologies. When the reception is only learning element, an integral part of the method of learning and teaching (pedagogical tools) are all those materials through which the teacher implements training effects (the learning process).
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