Положение христиан-старообрядцев в

Положение христиан-старообрядцев в России в XVII столетии во многом было похоже на положение первых христиан в Римской империи. Как древние христиане были вынуждены скрываться в катакомбах, так и русские православные старообрядцы скрывались от государственных и церковных властей. От всех русских людей требовалось верить так, как приказывало новое начальство. По настоянию патриарха Иоакима царевна Софья в 1685 году издала против старообрядцев 12 грозных статей.

От этих тяжких наказаний, разорений и смерти не всегда могло спасти гонимых христиан даже полное отречение от старой веры.

В России настало лютое время: сотнями и тысячами сжигали людей, резали языки, рубили головы, ломали клещами ребра, четвертовали; тюрьмы и подземелья монастырей были переполнены страдальцами за Христову веру. Духовенство и гражданское правительство безпощадно истребляли своих же родных братьев — русских людей. Никому не было пощады: убивали не только мужчин, но и женщин и даже детей.

Преследуемые христиане бежали в пустыни, леса, в горы. Но и там их отыскивали, жилища их разоряли, а самих приводили к духовным властям и предавали мучениям до смерти.

Боясь не вынести изощренных пыток, некоторые старообрядцы стали себя сжигать.

Более двухсот лет пребывало старообрядчество в гонениях. Они временами то ослабевали, то снова усиливались, но никогда не прекращались. За два века старообрядчество приобрело бесценный опыт выживания в невероятно тяжелых условиях.

Император Петр I провозгласил принцип веротерпимости в государстве. Им широко воспользовались разные вероисповедания: римско-католическое, протестантское, мусульманское, иудейское. И только одни старообрядцы не имели свободы в родном отечестве. В царствование Петра их уже не сжигали массами, но отдельные случаи сожжения и других смертных казней были нередки. Царь Петр дозволил старообрядцам открыто жить в городах и селениях, но обложил их двойным налогом. Только при Екатерине 2 старообрядцы вздохнули спокойнее. Но в годы правления Александра 1 вновь начали появляться указы ограничивающие права староверов.

Результаты (английский) 1:

Situation of Christians-believers in Russia in the 17th century was largely similar to the situation of the first Christians in the Roman Empire. As the ancient Christians were forced to hide in the catacombs, and Russian Orthodox old believers were hiding from State and church authorities. Of all the Russian people needed to believe so, as ordered, the new bosses. At the urging of Patriarch Joachim tsarevna in the year 1685 issued against 12 old terrible articles. From these serious punishment, devastation and death could not always save the persecuted Christians even complete renunciation of the old faith.In Russia it is not time: hundreds and thousands of people were burnt, cut, cut languages head, broke ribs, mites quartered; prisons and dungeons monasteries were crowded for sufferers of Christ faith. Clergy and civil government mercilessly exterminated their siblings — Russians. No one was spared: kill not only men, but also women and even children.Persecuted Christians fled to the desert, forest, mountains. But there they found their homes destroyed, and led to the spiritual authorities and betrayed the agony until his death.Fear does not make sophisticated torture, some old believers became myself burn.More than two hundred years was the old believers in persecutions. They sometimes then slacked, then worsened again, but never stopped. For two centuries, the old believers gained invaluable experience of survival in incredibly harsh conditions.Emperor Peter I proclaimed the principle of religious tolerance in the country. They are widely taken advantage of different religions: Roman Catholic, Protestant, Muslim, Jewish. And only some old believers did not have freedom in the homeland. During the reign of Peter the their is no longer burned masses, but isolated incidents of burning and other executions have been frequent. Tsar Peter allow old believers opened live in towns and villages, but overlaid their double taxed. Only when Catherine 2 old believers were calmer. But during the reign of Alexander 1 again began appearing decrees restricting rights of old believers.

Результаты (английский) 2:

The position of Christian Believers in Russia in the XVII century was largely similar to the situation of the early Christians in the Roman Empire. As the early Christians were forced to hide in the catacombs, and the Russian Orthodox Old Believers hidden from the public and church authorities. From all the Russian people wanted to believe as the new boss ordered. At the insistence of Patriarch Joachim Princess Sophia in 1685 issued against the Old Believers 12 terrible articles. From these serious punishment, destruction and death could not always save persecuted Christians even a complete renunciation of the old faith. In Russia, it is of evil time: hundreds and thousands of burned people cut languages, beheaded, broken ribs mites, quartered; prison dungeon and monasteries were filled with sufferers of the Christian faith. The clergy and the civilian government mercilessly exterminated their own siblings - Russian people. No one was spared: kill not only men but also women and even children. Persecuted Christians fled to the desert, the forest, the mountains. But there they were sought out, their homes plundered, and themselves led to the spiritual authorities and betrayed tortured to death. Afraid not make sophisticated torture, some Old Believers began to burn yourself. More than two hundred years, stayed in the Old Believers persecuted. They sometimes it weakened, then once again intensified, but never stopped. For two centuries, the Old Believers gained invaluable experience of survival in extremely difficult conditions. The Emperor Peter I proclaimed the principle of religious tolerance in the country. They are widely used the different faiths: Roman Catholic, Protestant, Muslim, Jewish. And only some Old Believers had no freedom in their native homeland. In the reign of Peter they have already been burned masses, but some cases of burning and other executions were not uncommon. Peter King has permitted the Old Believers live openly in towns and villages, but overlaid them with double taxation. Only when Catherine 2 Believers sighed quietly. But during the reign of Alexander 1 again began to appear edicts restricting the rights of conservatives.

Результаты (английский) 3:

the situation of the christian old believers in russia in the 17th century, much like the early christians in the roman empire. like the early christians were forced to hide in the catacombs.and the russian orthodox старообрядцы hid from the public and ecclesiastical authorities. of all the russian people to believe so, ordered a new boss.at the insistence of the patriarch joachim princess sophia in 1685, the old believers would be issued against 12 articles.

these grievous punishment,разорений and death does not always have to save the oppressed christians even complete rejection of the old faith.

in russia, it is a painful time, hundreds and thousands of people had been burned, languages, cut head, broke the jaws ribsчетвертовали; prison inmates and the monasteries were filled with faith in christ. the clergy and the civilian government безпощадно destroy my brothers - the russian people.no one was spared: kill not only men but also women and children.

the christians fled to the desert, forest in the mountains. but there отыскивали have their homes.and the resulted in the spiritual authorities and give punishment to death.

fear not to make sophisticated torture, some старообрядцы became a burn.

for over two hundred years, was old believers in the crackdown.they sometimes then subside again seek, but never ceased. the two century old believers acquired invaluable experience to survive in extremely harsh conditions.

emperor peter i proclaimed the principle of tolerance in the state. they widely used different religions: roman catholic, protestant, muslim, and jewish.and only one старообрядцы had no freedom in their hometown. during the reign of peter the great's not burning the masses, but individual cases of burning and other executions were not uncommon.king peter has старообрядцам openly living in the towns and villages all over them, but the double tax. only when the two старообрядцы can very easy.but during the reign of alexander 1 once again began to restrict the rights староверов decrees.