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man has a lot to learn about the most powerful and complex part of the body.the brain. in the ancient times people did not think that the brain is the centre ofmental activity. the great ancient philosopher of greece has been known to the thought thati was based in the heart. it was not until the 18th century that people realized thebrain to be involved in the mental process of the mind.in recent years, research has shown that the brain is a much more intelligent thanwe ever imagined. even the commonly known statement that, on average, we use onlyone per cent of our brain may well be wrong. it now seams that we can use even lessthan one per cent, which means that we have to learn how to use an enormous part ofour brain.in the past 50 years and biologists chemists have found that the way the brain works is far more complicated than they had thought. for example, over 100000 chemical reactions take place in the brain, every second. however, the more with know, the more questions appear to be answered.marian c. diamond, one of the respected with of the university of california at berkeley examined a small slice of albert einstein"s brain, but found nothing unusual about the number or size of its neurons (nerve cells). but in the association cortex, responsible for high level cognition, she did discover a surprisingly large number of nonneuronal cells known as glia is a much greater concentration than that found in the average albert"s head. an odd curiosity? perhaps not. a growing body of evidence sug¬gests that glial cells play a far more important role than even presumed. for decades, physiologists focused on neurons in the brain "s prime communicators. Glia, even though they outnumber nerve cells nine to one, were thought to have only a maintenance role, bringing nutrients from blood vessels to neurons, maintaining a healthy balance of ions in the brain, and warding off pathogens that evaded the immune system. Propped up by glia, neurons were free to communicate across tiny contact points and synapses and to estab¬lish a web of connections that allow us to think, remember and jump for joy.that long - held model of brain function could change dramati¬cally if new findings about glia pan out. in the past several years, sen¬sitive imaging tests have shown that neurons and glia engage in a two way dialogue from embryonic development through old age. Glias influence the formation of synapses and help to determine which neural connections get stronger or weaker over time; such changes are essential to learning and to storing long - term memories. and the most recent work shows that glia also communicate among them¬selves, in a separate but parallel network to the neural network, in¬fluencing how well the brain performs. Neuroscientists are cautious about assigning new prominence to glia too quickly, yet they are ex¬cited by the prospect that more than half the brain has gone largely unexplored and may contain a trove of information about how the mind works.
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