Результаты (
английский) 1:
[копия]Скопировано!
objectives: to neutralize the korrupcionnoemkie articles and to toughen the punishment for bribery. Even before this was created by a special body-the anti-corruption agency (ABK), whose Director reported directly to the Prime Minister. But before the adoption of the Agency's work not brought ROSA tangible results. ROSA has eliminated some serious obstacles.First, it gave a clear and succinct definition of all types of corruption. Bribe-takers could no longer equivocate, getting "Thanks" in the form of gifts and hiding behind a blurry language.Secondly, ROSA regulated the work of the Agency and gave him serious credentials. Thirdly, he increased prison sentences for taking bribes. All of this reportedly gave free rein to the Agency: it received permission to detain would-be bribers, to search their homes and at work, checking bank accounts etc. in Office of three divisions: the operational, administrative and information. The latter two also support operational work and are responsible for the "purity" of bureaucracy. Their selection of candidates for high public office, preventive measures and even organisation of tenders for public contracts.Later the Singapore legislation was supplemented on several occasions, for example in 1989 year imposed the confiscation of property. Strict control gave good results, so the authorities have moved to the second stage combat bribery-"soft".Since the second half of the 1980 's, the Government was working on the "quality" of bureaucracy. Officials seriously raised the salary (in the future this did every few years) that would keep them from bribes. Now the salaries of top officials of the country are calculated depending on the average earnings in the business and reach $ -25 thousand per month. And parliamentarians, and the public reacted with incredulity to this initiative, but Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew publicly to substantiate its usefulness.The Government official to make a profession of a prize not only paid but also respected. In Singapore, at the State level, preached the principle of meritocracy. Put naverh opens in front of some of the most clever and able-minded, progressive. Is responsible for the anti-corruption agency. Recruitment takes place in school, and then the future elite of the lead: help to enter the University, sent to study and internships abroad, promote successes. So gradually learnt properly updated bureaucracies and manners of personnel, many of which swell the ranks of the Agency. All this against the background of the hard pressure of corrupt officials.Carrot and stick policy worked: the level of corruption in Singapore fell at times.Местная бюрократия считается одной из самых эффективных в мире. И самой высокооплачиваемой - заработки чиновников выше, чем у равных им по статусу служащих в США.Ни одну стратегию нельзя скопировать «как есть» - ментальные и экономические различия не дадут этого сделать. Но анализ всех четырех кампаний позволяет понять главное: чтобы борьба со взяточничеством принесла результат, нужны особые условия (демократия, как в Италии, или полувоенное положение и меритократия, как в странах Азии). Ниже попробуем дать оценку того, что нужно сделать в России, для успешной антикоррупционной политики опираясь на опыт этих четырех стран.1) Устранить системные препятствия.• Нет внешнего контроля над бюрократией. Если в Италии, Швеции или любой другой развитой демократической стране политики контролируют армию чиновников, то в России чиновники никому не подконтрольны. Пока не будет партийной конкуренция, о нормальной антикоррупционной кампании не
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