Furniture and accessoriesTo the lay

Furniture and accessories

To the layman, furniture is the most important aspect of interior design. It is a significant component of design to the professional as well, since it is the most personal and intimate product relating man to a building. It is also personal because it can be moved from one home to the next and handed on from generation to generation, and often furniture takes on important sentimental value. Accessories are even more personal, but they are less significant to the overall effect of the interior, since they are by nature smaller than furniture. Almost anything that people own or collect could be called an “accessory”, including functional objects, such as ashtrays, and decorative objects, such as porcelain, glass, or ceramics. Although some quite sophisticated furniture existed in ancient Egypt, the use of furniture was rare during the Middle Ages and only became significant in the West during the Renaissance. During most subsequent periods there have usually been close interrelations between architectural and furniture styles and modes of interior design. The 20th-century pioneers of design and architecture – such as Mies van der Rohe, Le Corbusier, and Marcel Breuer – were not able to find any suitable contemporary furniture available in the 1920s and 1930s when they built structures without historical references. They designed much of their own furniture, and some of these modern “classics” are still very much in demand. Well-designed modern furniture developed in Scandinavian countries in the XXth century out of the long tradition of craftsmanship and design prevalent in those countries. The real beginning of modern furniture design in the United States came only after World War II, and much of it was first developed for nonresidential uses. Charles Eames, George Nelson, and Florence Knoll are among the distinguished American designers who have pioneered furniture design and manufacturing processes. Their furniture primarily was introduced to the public through use in public or work spaces. A large segment of furniture manufacturers, however, has still not been touched by design of any Fig. 24. Porcelain Fig. 25. Interior design (living-room) 77 kind, and furniture under such invented names as “Mediterranean” or “Italian Provincial” (both nonexistent historic styles) is still being foisted upon the public.
Whatever material or manufacturing process may be used, the important criteria that must be applied in furniture are function, comfort, and durability, together with aesthetic considerations. Architects and interior designers often prefer to build in furniture wherever possible, and, indeed, some of the best historic and contemporary interiors contain little movable furniture. An interior without any furniture or accessories would probably appear stark and uninviting, and it is clear that the personal touches possible through selection of appropriate furniture and accessories are very important.
One can use a vast array of decorative objects or plants as accessories. In a way, every accessory used in a home, office, or public space is in some way a part of the total composition, and must therefore be selected with care.


Lighting

Light is one of the key elements of interior design. Most interior spaces constructed in the XXth century are used as much with artificial light as with daylight; because of this lighting has become a very significant tool for the interior designer. There are three major aspects to lighting: function, aesthetics, and health. The latter factor is often ignored, but insufficient illumination can cause eyestrain and physical discomfort. Illuminating engineers have established recommended standards of illumination for various tasks and have also provided rules and standards relating to brightness of the source of lighting and controls for shielding the eye from direct glare. Light can be diffused and can, in general, be controlled very accurately. Design of lamp
Two basic types of lighting are used in modern interiors: incandescent and fluorescent. The former is somewhat redder than daylight but contains all colours of the spectrum. Since fluorescent light has an uneven spectrum, colours tend to appear distorted. A mixture of the two is often the best way to achieve colour accuracy. Some of today’s fluorescent lamps are close to daylight accuracy, and manufacturers continue to improve the quality of available lamps. Both types of light can be used in “direct” or “indirect” lighting in interiors or in a combination of these methods known as semidirect or semi-indirect.
Designers and architects strive to build in lighting as much as possible. Recessed lighting, lighting coves, and architectural lighting in general can be controlled much more efficiently than portable lamps.
A good lighting scheme must provide some variety in highlights, shadows, and accent lights to avoid monotony. An even, overall lighting system, such as a luminous ceiling, can be highly efficient, but it lacks character and interest. Most interiors require a certain flexibility for different functions within the space at different times of day and night. In certain interiors, such as stores and shops, lighting becomes a display and sales tool, and in festive spaces, such as ballrooms or theatres, the quality of light can provide sparkle and mood more effectively than any other component of design. One can think of the potential of lighting in terms of the theatre. Some productions are staged without formal sets, yet the changing mood and setting can be suggested by controlled illumination.
Most intimate interiors depend to some extent on portable or fixed (ceiling and wall-mounted) lamps. The design of lamps, especially table lamps for homes, has somehow brought forth a vast array of bad designs, together with a smaller number of good ones. Many lampshades are similarly banal in design, but a shade as such is an excellent diffusor of light and shield against glare. Some lamps and shades are designed for specific tasks, others for accent lighting.

Результаты (английский) 1:

Furniture and accessoriesTo the layman, furniture is the most important aspect of interior design. It is a significant component of design to the professional as well, since it is the most personal and intimate product relating man to a building. It is also personal because it can be moved from one home to the next and handed on from generation to generation, and often furniture takes on important sentimental value. Accessories are even more personal, but they are less significant to the overall effect of the interior, since they are by nature smaller than furniture. Almost anything that people own or collect could be called an "accessory", including functional objects such as ashtrays, and decorative objects, such as porcelain, glass, or ceramics. Although some quite sophisticated furniture existed in ancient Egypt, the use of furniture was rare during the Middle Ages and only became significant in the West during the Renaissance. During most periods suggested there have usually been close interrelations between architectural and furniture styles and modes of interior design. The 20th-century pioneers of design and architecture-such as Mies van der Rohe, Le Corbusier and Marcel Breuer-were not able to find any suitable contemporary furniture available in the 1920s and 1930s when they built structures without historical references. They designed much of their own furniture, and some of these modern "classics" are still very much in demand. Well-designed modern furniture developed in the Scandinavian countries in the XXth century out of the long tradition of craftsmanship and design prevalent in those countries. The real beginning of modern furniture design in the United States came only after World War II, and much of it was first developed for nonresidential uses. Charles Eames, George Nelson, and Florence Knoll are among the distinguished American designers who have pioneered furniture design and manufacturing processes. Their furniture primarily was re-introduced to the public through use in public or work spaces. A large segment of furniture manufacturers, however, has still not been touched by the design of any Fig. 24. Porcelain Fig. 25. Interior design (living-room) 77 kind and furniture under such invented names as "Mediterranean" or "Italian Provincial" (both nonexistent historic styles) is still being foisted upon the public. Whatever material or the manufacturing process may be used, the important criteria that must be applied in furniture are a function, comfort, and durability, together with the aesthetic considerations. Architects and interior designers often prefer to build in furniture wherever possible, and, indeed, some of the best historic and contemporary interiors contain little movable furniture. An interior without any furniture or accessories would probably appear stark and uninviting, and it is clear that the personal touches possible through selection of appropriate furniture and accessories are very important. One can use a vast array of decorative objects or plants as accessories. In a way, every accessory used in a home, office or public space is in some way a part of the total composition, and must therefore be selected with care.Lighting Light is one of the key elements of interior design. Most interior spaces constructed in the XXth century are used as much with artificial light as with daylight; because of this lighting has become a very significant tool for the interior designer. There are three major aspects to lighting: function, aesthetics, and health. The latter factor is often ignored, but insufficient illumination can cause eyestrain and physical discomfort. Illuminating engineers have established recommended standards of illumination for various tasks and have also provided rules and standards relating to the brightness of the source of lighting and controls for shielding the eye from the direct glare. Light can be diffused and can, in general, be controlled very accurately. Design of lamp Two basic types of lighting are used in modern interiors: incandescent and fluorescent. The former is somewhat redder than the daylight but contains all the colours of the spectrum. Since fluorescent light has an uneven spectrum, colours tend to appear distorted. A mixture of the two is often the best way to achieve colour accuracy. Some of today's fluorescent lamps are close to daylight accuracy, and manufacturers continue to improve the quality of available lamps. Both types of light can be used in "direct" or "indirect" lighting in interiors or in a combination of these methods known as semidirect or semi-indirect.Designers and architects strive to build in lighting as much as possible. Recessed lighting, lighting coves, and architectural lighting in general can be controlled much more efficiently than portable lamps. A good lighting scheme must provide some variety in highlights, shadows, and accent lights to avoid monotony. An even, overall lighting system, such as a luminous ceiling, can be highly efficient, but it lacks character and interest. Most interiors require a certain flexibility for different functions within the space at different times of day and night. In certain interiors, such as stores and shops, lighting becomes a display and sales tool, and in festive spaces, such as theatres or ballrooms, the quality of light can provide sparkle and mood more effectively than any other component of design. One can think of the potential of lighting in terms of the theatre. Some productions are staged without formal sets, yet the changing mood and setting can be suggested by controlled illumination. Most intimate interiors depend to some extent on portable or fixed (ceiling and wall-mounted) lamps. The design of lamps, especially table lamps for homes, has somehow brought forth a vast array of bad designs, together with a smaller number of good ones. Many lampshades are similarly banal in design, but a shade as such is an excellent diffusor of light and shield against glare. Some lamps and shades are designed for specific tasks, others for accent lighting.

Результаты (английский) 2:

And accessories Furniture To the layman, furniture is the most important aspect of interior design. It is a significant component of design to the professional as well, since it is the most personal and intimate product relating man to a building. It is also personal because it can be moved from one home to the next and handed on from generation to generation, and often furniture takes on important sentimental value. Accessories are even more personal, but they are less significant to the overall effect of the interior, since they are by nature smaller than furniture. Almost anything that people own or collect could be called an "accessory", including functional objects, such as ashtrays, and decorative objects, such as porcelain, glass, or ceramics. Although some quite sophisticated furniture existed in ancient Egypt, the use of furniture was rare during the Middle Ages and only became significant in the West during the Renaissance. During most subsequent periods there have usually been close interrelations between architectural and furniture styles and modes of interior design. The 20th-century pioneers of design and architecture - such as Mies van der Rohe, Le Corbusier, and Marcel Breuer - were not able to find any suitable contemporary furniture available in the 1920s and 1930s when they built structures without historical references. They designed much of their own furniture, and some of these modern "classics" are still very much in demand. Well-designed modern furniture developed in Scandinavian countries in the XXth century out of the long tradition of craftsmanship and design prevalent in those countries. The real beginning of modern furniture design in the United States came only after World War II, and much of it was first developed for nonresidential uses. Charles Eames, George Nelson, and Florence Knoll are among the distinguished American designers who have pioneered furniture design and manufacturing processes. Their furniture primarily was introduced to the public through use in public or work spaces. A large segment of furniture manufacturers, however, has still not been touched by design of any Fig. 24. Porcelain Fig. 25. Interior design (living-room) 77 kind, and furniture under invented names such as "Mediterranean" or "Italian Provincial" (both nonexistent historic styles) is still being foisted upon the public. Whatever material or manufacturing process may be used, the important criteria that must be applied in furniture are function, comfort, and durability, together with aesthetic considerations. Architects and interior designers often prefer to build in furniture wherever possible, and, indeed, some of the best historic and contemporary interiors contain little movable furniture. Without any interior An furniture or accessories would probably appear stark and uninviting, and it is clear that the personal touches possible through selection of appropriate furniture and accessories are very important. One can use a vast array of decorative objects or plants as accessories. A way In, every accessory used in a home, office, or public space is in some way a part of the total composition, and must therefore be selected with care. Lighting Light is one of the key elements of interior design. Most interior spaces constructed in the XXth century are used as much with artificial light as with daylight; because of this lighting has become a very significant tool for the interior designer. There are three major aspects to lighting: function, aesthetics, and health. The latter factor is often ignored, but insufficient illumination can cause eyestrain and physical discomfort. Illuminating engineers have established recommended standards of illumination for various tasks and have also provided rules and standards relating to brightness of the source of lighting and controls for shielding the eye from direct glare. Light can be diffused and can, in general, be controlled very accurately. Of lamp Design Two basic types of lighting are used in modern interiors: incandescent and fluorescent. The former is somewhat redder than daylight but contains all colours of the spectrum. Since fluorescent light has an uneven spectrum, colours tend to appear distorted. A mixture of the two is often the best way to achieve colour accuracy. Some of today's fluorescent lamps are close to daylight accuracy, and manufacturers continue to improve the quality of available lamps. Types of light Both can be used in "direct" or "indirect" lighting in interiors or in a combination of these methods known as semidirect or semi-indirect. Designers and architects strive to build in lighting as much as possible. Lighting Recessed, lighting coves, and architectural lighting in general can be controlled much more efficiently than portable lamps. A good lighting scheme must provide some variety in highlights, shadows, and accent lights to avoid monotony. An even, overall lighting system, such as a luminous ceiling, can be highly efficient, but it lacks character and interest. Most interiors require a certain flexibility for different functions within the space at different times of day and night. In certain interiors, such as stores and shops, lighting becomes a display and sales tool, and in festive spaces, such as ballrooms or theatres, the quality of light can provide sparkle and mood more effectively than any other component of design. One can think of the potential of lighting in terms of the theatre. Productions are staged Some without formal sets, yet the changing mood and setting can be suggested by controlled illumination. Most intimate interiors depend to some extent on portable or fixed (ceiling and wall-mounted) lamps. The design of lamps, especially table lamps for homes, has somehow brought forth a vast array of bad designs, together with a smaller number of good ones. Many lampshades are similarly banal in design, but a shade as such is an excellent diffusor of light and shield against glare. Some lamps and shades are designed for specific tasks, others for accent lighting.

Результаты (английский) 3:

furniture and accessories

to the layman, the furniture is the most important aspect of interior design. it is a significant component of design to the professional as well, since it is the most personal and intimate product relating man to a building. it is also personal because it can be moved from one city to the next and started on from generation to generation.and often furniture takes on important sentimental value. accessories are even more personal, but they are less significant to the overall effect of the interior, since they are by nature room in hotel. almost anything that people own or collect could be called an "accessory", including functional objects, such as ashtrays, and decorative objects, such as porcelain, glass,or ceramics. although some very sophisticated furniture existed in ancient egypt, the use of furniture was rare during the middle ages and only became significant in the west during the renaissance. during a subsequent periods there have usually been close interrelations between architectural and furniture styles and modes of interior design.the 20th - century pioneers of design and architecture, such as Mies van der Rohe, le corbusier., and in Breuer - were not able to find any suitable contemporary furniture available in the interiors as and when they built structures and historical references. they, as much of their own furniture, and some of these modern "classics" are still very much in demand.well designed modern furniture developed in scandinavian countries in the XXth century out of the long tradition of craftsmanship and design in in those countries. the real beginning of modern furniture design in the united states came only after world war ii, and much of it was first developed for nonresidential uses. charles Eames, george nelson,and florence Knoll are among the distinguished american designers who have pioneered furniture design and manufacturing processes. the furniture culture was introduced to the public through use in public or in the hotel. a large high-level segment of furniture manufacturers, however, has still not been touched by the design of any fig. 24. porcelain fig. 25. interior design (living room) of the kind.and furniture under such remarkable names as "mediterranean" or "italian provincial" (both nonexistent historic styles) is still being foisted upon the public.
whatever material or manufacturing process may be used, the important criteria that must be applied in furniture, function, comfort, and durability, together with aesthetic considerations.architects and interior designers often belongs to build in furniture, wherever possible, and, indeed, some of the best historic and contemporary meals contain little movable furniture. an interior without any furniture or accessories, but there was not stark and uninviting,and it is clear that the personal touches possible through selection of appropriate furniture and accessories are very important. one can use a vast array of decorative objects or plants as accessories. in a way, every accessory used in a home, office, or public space is in some way a part of the total composition, and must therefore be selected with care.




lightinglight is one of the key elements of interior design. the interior hotel constructed in the XXth) are used as much with artificial light as with from; because of this lighting has become a very significant tool for the interior designer. there are three major aspects to lighting, function, aesthetics, and health. the latter factor is often put me off.