1.3 Аутсорсинг в логистикеПо резуль

1.3 Аутсорсинг в логистике
По результатам проведенных исследований отмечено, что в подавляющем числе существующие определения логистического аутсорсинга рассматривают его как полный или частичный отказ от одной из функций в пользу сторонней организации, обладающей необходимой компетенцией, для оптимизации деятельности, направленной на оперативное управление. Однако установлено, что правильное определение ключевых компетенций, дающих возможность компании занимать лидирующее положение в избранном сегменте рынка, прежде всего, обусловливает основная стратегия развития компании. Таким образом, в результате того, что все функциональные области, которые охватывает логистический аутсорсинг, тесно связаны с корпоративной стратегией компании, а сам аутсорсинг непременно подразумевает взаимодействие организаций, эффект от передачи функций должен учитываться прежде всего в стратегическом значении для фирмы. Это позволяет рассматривать логистический аутсорсинг как стратегию поведения компании на рынке логистических услуг.
В свою очередь, по причине тесной взаимосвязи стратегии логистического аутсорсинга с корпоративной стратегией, с точки зрения теории менеджмента передача функций аутсорсеру не может рассматриваться как полный отказ от выполнения логистических функций вследствие того, что за компанией остаются основные функции управления, такие как планирование, координация и контроль данным взаимодействием. Т.е. можем лишь говорить о включении в управление сторонней организации посредством передачи ей технологической составляющей управления процессом. Исходя из этого, определим следующее понятие:
Логистический аутсорсинг– включение в рамках стратегических целей логистической системы в управление логистическими процессами сторонней организации путем передачи ей для управления технологической составляющей бизнес-процессов.
Предложенное определение позволяет не только конкретизировать сущность рассматриваемого понятия на основе обобщения стратегических составляющих для деятельности предприятия, но и устранить противоречие большинства определений заключающееся в том, что предприятие не отказывается от выполнения логистический функций, а включает в процесс управления партнеров, оставляя за собой функции управления данным взаимодействием [7, с.117].
Выделив понятие логистического аутсорсинга, бесспорно можно утверждать, что в современном мире логистика на предприятия обособляется как отдельно функционирующая структура. Но какие элементы бизнес-процессов разумно передавать на аутсорсинг? На рисунке 1.1 выделены логистические функции, которые могут быть переданы на аутсорсинг:
Рисунок 1.1 – Вариант применения аутсорсинга логистических функций[28]

Вспомним основные доминирующие функции логистики, рассмотрим каждую с точки зрения необходимого уровня контроля над ней и, следовательно, привлекательности передачи ее на аутсорсинг.
1. Управление запасами. Данную функции в последнее время все чаще стали передавать на аутсорсинг по следующим причинам:
- этот процесс очень важен для любой организации. Ещё 5-10 лет назад предприятия контролировали управление запасами сами. Сейчас же, с появлением 3PL операторов, есть возможность передать на аутросинг, так как нет смысла идти на расходы по оплате высококвалифицированных специалистов, внедрению и поддержке прогрессивных информационных систем на складе предприятия, когда все это реализовано на высоком уровне у логистического оператора;
- однако большинство данных, которые используются для управления запасами, составляют коммерческую тайну; к тому же инертность мышления руководителей компании-заказчика тормозит развития рынка аутсорсинга в управлении запасами.
2. Таможенное оформление. При таможенном оформлении практически всегда пользуются услугами сторонней организации – таможенного брокера. Вкратце напомним его основные функции:
- подготовка грузовой таможенной декларации и ее электронной копии;
- подборка пакета документов для таможенного оформления;
- подача декларации в таможню и сопровождение процесса «растаможки»;
- по договоренности декларирование за своей брокерской печатью.
Передать эти функции на аутсорсинг имеет смысл, так как:
- здесь нет необходимости в высоком уровне контроля стороны предприятия, потому что этот процесс и так контролируется очень тщательно. Таможня сама все проконтролирует. Дополнительно к таможенным брокерам изначально предъявляются высокие требования со стороны государства, что дает дополнительную гарантию их профессионализма;
- эта сфера деятельности весьма специфична и высокозатратна. Для того чтобы выполнять эти функции самой, организация должна иметь в своем штате особо обученных специалистов по таможенному оформлению – декларантов, аттестованных таможней, которые к тому же обязаны периодически проходить переаттестацию. Помимо этого, нужно специальное программное обеспечение, самокопирующиеся бланки ГТД и т.д.
3. Транспорт и склад. Как в первых двух пунктах, здесь нет таких однозначных предпочтений, и каждая организация самостоятельно будет принимать решение, передавать ли выполнение этих функций сторонней организации, или нет, исходя из той конкретной ситуации, в которой она работает. Вот тут-то и имеет смысл еще раз вспомнить, что контроль стоит ресурсов и выбирать его уровень следует исходя из соображений необходимости и достаточности этого контроля. При этом учитываются:

Результаты (английский) 1:

1.3 Outsourcing in logisticsAccording to the results of the studies noted that in the vast majority of existing definitions of logistics outsourcing, see it as a full or partial waiver of one of the functions in favor of a third party, with the necessary expertise to optimize the activities aimed at operational management. However, it is established that the proper definition of key competences, enabling the company to occupy a leading position in the market segment, primarily determines the basic strategy of company development. Thus, as a result of all the functional areas covered by outsourcing logistics, are closely linked to the company's corporate strategy and outsourcing will certainly involve collaboration between organizations, the effect of the transfer of functions must be taken into account particularly in strategic importance for the firm. This allows us to consider logistics outsourcing as a strategy for the conduct of the company in the market of logistic services.In turn, because of the close relationship of the logistics outsourcing strategy with corporate strategy, in terms of the theory of transfer of management Outsourcer cannot be regarded as a complete refusal to perform logistics functions due to the fact that the company remain the core functions of the Office, such as planning, coordination and control of data interaction. IE can only talk about inclusion in third party management by passing her a technological component of process control. On this basis, define the following concept:Logistics outsourcing-inclusion within the strategic objectives of logistics system in supply chain management processes of a third party by transferring it to manage technological component business processes.The proposed definition allows not only to specify the entity reporting concepts on the basis of generalization of strategic components for the activity of the enterprise, but also eliminate the contradiction most definitions is that the company does not refuse from execution of logistic functions and includes the process of managing partners, leaving the responsibility for data management interaction [7, s. 117].Highlighting the concept of logistics outsourcing, no doubt you can argue that in the modern world of enterprise logistics became as separately functioning structure. But what are the elements of business processes reasonably refer to outsourcing? Figure 1.1 highlighted logistics functions that could be transferred to outsourcing:Figure 1.1-option application outsourcing logistics functions [28]Remember the main dominant features of logistics, we consider each in terms of the required level of control over her and, consequently, the transfer of its attractiveness for outsourcing.1. Inventory management. This function recently increasingly refer to outsourcing for the following reasons:-This process is very important for any organization. Another 5-10 years ago the company controlled stock management yourself. Now, with the advent of 3PL operators have the opportunity to pass on autrosing, because it makes no sense to go to costs of highly skilled, progressive implementation and support of information systems in stock companies, when all this is done at a high level, the logistics operator;However, most of the data that is used for inventory control, constitute trade secret; Besides mental inertia of managers of the company-customer inhibits market development outsourcing in inventory management.2. customs clearance. Customs clearance is almost always use the services of a third-party organization-customs broker. Briefly recall its main functions:-preparation of cargo customs declaration and its electronic copy;-compilation of the package of documents for customs clearance;-submission of declaration in customs and accompanying the process of "customs clearance";-by agreement due to its Declaration of brokering printing.Delegate these functions to outsourcing makes sense because:-There is no need for a high level of control side of the enterprise, because this process and so is monitored very carefully. Customs control everything itself. In addition to customs brokers initially puts high demands on the part of the State that gives additional guarantee their professionalism;-This activity quite specific and vysokozatratna. In order to carry out these functions, the Organization must have a staff specially trained customs clearance specialists-certified customs declarants who are obliged to periodically undergo a re-certification. In addition, you need special software, self-copying forms GTD etc.3. transport and storage. As in the first two paragraphs, there is no such clear preferences, and each organization will decide independently whether to pass these functions an external organization, or not, based on the specific situation in which it works. And here it makes sense to once again remember that control is worth the resources and choose its level should be based on considerations of necessity and sufficiency the control. This includes:

Результаты (английский) 2:

1.3 Outsourcing in logistics
According to the results of the research pointed out that the vast number of existing definitions of logistics outsourcing see it as a total or partial refusal of one of the functions for the benefit of a third party having the necessary competence to optimize the activities aimed at the operational management. However, it found that the proper definition of key competencies, enabling the company to take a leading position in chosen market segment, primarily determines the basic strategy of the company. Thus, due to the fact that all the functional areas covered by the logistics outsourcing, closely linked to the corporate strategy, and the outsourcing necessarily implies cooperation organizations, the impact of devolution should be considered primarily in strategic importance for the company. This allows us to consider the logistics outsourcing as a strategy of behavior of the company in the logistics market.
In turn, because of the close relationship strategy of logistics outsourcing to corporate strategy, from the point of view of the theory of management transfer of functions outsourcer can not be regarded as a complete refusal to perform logistics functions due to the that for now remain the main management functions such as planning, coordination and control of data interaction. Those. we can only talk about the inclusion in the management of a third party by the transfer of the technological component of the process control. On this basis, we define the following notion:
Logistics autsorsing- inclusion within the strategic objectives of the logistics system in the management of logistics processes a third party by transferring it to control the technological component of business processes.
The proposed definition allows you to specify not only the essence of the concept based on the aggregation of strategic components for of the enterprise, but also to eliminate the contradiction most of definition is that the company does not refuse to perform logistics functions, and includes the management of partners, leaving a management interaction data [7, p.117].
Highlighting the concept of logistics outsourcing is undoubtedly it can be argued that in the modern world logistics enterprises segregated functioning as a separate structure. But what elements of business processes intelligently outsource? Figure 1.1 highlighted logistical functions that can be outsourced:
Figure 1.1 - Option of outsourcing logistics functions [28] Let us remember the main dominant feature of logistics, consider each in terms of the required level of control over it, and hence the attractiveness of its transfer to outsourcing . 1. Inventory Management. This function has recently become increasingly outsource the following reasons: - this process is very important for any organization. More 5-10 years ago, the company controlled inventory management themselves. Now, with the emergence of 3PL operators have the opportunity to pass on autrosing, since it makes no sense to go to the expense of paying highly qualified experts, implementation and support of advanced information systems in the enterprise warehouse, where all this is implemented at a high level at the logistics operator; - but most Data used for inventory management, commercial secret; besides the inertia of thinking heads of the client company slows down the development of the outsourcing market in inventory management. 2. Customs clearance. When customs clearance almost always use the services of a third party - a customs broker. We briefly recall its main features: - Preparation of the cargo customs declaration and its electronic copy; - selection of documents for customs clearance; - submission of declaration to the customs and support the process of "customs clearance"; - as agreed declaration of its brokerage printing. Send these functions to outsourcing It makes sense because: - there is no need for a high level of control of the enterprise, because the process is controlled and so very carefully. Customs will check everything myself. In addition to customs brokers initially high demands on the part of the state, which gives an additional guarantee of their professionalism; - this sphere of activity is very specific and costly. In order to perform these functions itself, the organization must have a staff of specially trained technicians for customs clearance - declarants certified customs, which are also required to undergo periodic recertification. In addition, you need special software, self-copying forms GTE, etc. 3. Transport and storage. As in the first two paragraphs, there is no such unambiguous preference, and each organization alone will decide whether to pass these functions a third party, or not, based on the particular situation in which it operates. That was then, and it makes sense to remember once again that the control is resource and choose its level should be based on considerations of necessity and sufficiency of these controls. This takes into account:

Результаты (английский) 3:

the outsourcing of logistics. on the basis of the studies notedin the vast majority of the existing definitions of logistics outsourcing is considered as a complete or partial failure of one of the functions for the host organizationpossessing the necessary competence, to streamline activities to operational management. however, it is found that the definition of the core competenceenable the company to occupy the leading position in the selected segment of the market, first of all, is the main development strategy of the company. thus, as a result ofall functional areas, which covers the logistics outsourcing, closely linked with the corporate strategy, the company and the outsourcing will imply the interaction.the effect of the transfer functions must be taken into account, especially in the strategic significance for the company. this allows us to consider logistics outsourcing as a strategy of the company on the market of logistics services.in turn, because of the close relationship between logistics outsourcing strategy with corporate strategyfrom the perspective of the theory of management аутсорсеру transfer functions could be regarded as a refusal to perform logistics functions as a result of the fact that the company remain the core functions of the office.such as planning, coordination and control of the interaction. i.e.we can only talk about the inclusion in multilateral organizations, through the office of the technological part of management. on this basis, we define the following notion:
logistics аутсорсинг– inclusion in the strategic objectives of logistics system in the management of logistics processes of the host organization by transferring to it for management of technologybusiness processes.
the proposed definition allows not only to specify the nature of the concepts on the basis of the consolidation of strategic components for businessbut most of the definitions of and to address the contradiction, the enterprise to the logistics functions and includes the management of partnersleaving a management data interface [7, с.117].
with the concept of logistics outsourcing, it can be arguedin the modern world logistics enterprises обособляется as separately functioning structure. but what are the elements of business processes makes sense to outsource? figure 1.1 are logistic functions that may be outsourced:
figure 1.1 - version of outsourcing logistics functions [28]

and the dominant function of logisticsexamine each in terms of the necessary level of control and, therefore, the attractiveness of its transfer to outsourcing.
1. inventory management.the functions are becoming increasingly began to transfer to outsourcing for the following reasons:
- this process is very important for any organization. another 5 to 10 years ago, the enterprise control the inventory management.now, with the advent of 3PL operators have the opportunity to аутросинг, so there's no need to pay the costs of skilled professionals.implementation and support advanced information systems in enterprise when it is implemented at a high level the logistics operator;
- however, most of the datawhich are used for inventory control, constitute the business secret; besides, the inertia of thinking of the company's customer slows development outsourcing market in the management of stocks.
2.customs clearance. when customs are almost always use the services of the host organization, customs broker. briefly recall its main functions:.preparation of cargo customs declaration and its electronic copies;
- a compilation of documents for customs clearance;
- the declaration to the customs, and the support of the растаможки»;.- agreement declaring their brokering seal.
to transfer these functions to outsourcing makes sense as:
- there is no need for high level of control by the enterprisebecause this process is monitored very carefully. customs can monitor. in addition to customs brokers originally placed high demands on the part of the state.provides additional assurance that their professionalism;
- this area is very specific, and высокозатратна. in order to carry out the functions of thethe organization must have a staff of highly trained professional customs clearance is декларантов, certificated customs, which also must periodically be vetted. in addition, theyou need special software самокопирующиеся forms tbg etc.
3. transport and storage. as in the first two paragraphs, there are no such explicit preferencesand each organization alone would decide, to have these functions to the host organization, or not, on the basis of the specific situation, in which she works.here's the sense again, remember that the control's resources and to choose its level should be based on the necessity and sufficiency of this control. taking into account: