ПРЕСТУПНИКАМИ РОЖДАЮТСЯ ИЛИ СТАНОВЯ

ПРЕСТУПНИКАМИ РОЖДАЮТСЯ ИЛИ СТАНОВЯТСЯ?
Преступность: врождённая или приобретённая?
ПРЕСТУПНИКАМИ РОЖДАЮТСЯ ИЛИ СТАНОВЯТСЯ?

Render the following article into English paying special attention to the words and expressions in bold type:

Более ста лет назад итальянский врач Чезаре Ломброзо создал галерею “преступных типов”. Он, например, утверждал, что покатый лоб, квадратный подбородок, грубые черты лица, длинные руки и мускулистое телосложение говорят о врожденных преступных наклонностях.
Позже была доказана полная научная необоснованость этого тезиса, однако проблема склонности к прирожденной агрессии остро дискутируется и до сих пор. И в наши дни продолжаются споры о наследовании преступных качеств и о биологических предпосылках преступного поведения.
В США исследователи проблем, связанных с причинами преступного поведения начали наблюдение за близнецами. Все дети были разлучены вскоре после рождения и воспитывались в разных концах мира. Ученые исходили из предположения, что, если близнецы однояйцевые (identical twins), все различия, возникшие впоследствии, следует отнести за счет разной cоциальной среды обитания. Однако, исследования показали, что различия между детьми, воспитанными раздельно, и близнецами, росшими в одной семье, практически отсутствуют.
Другое исследование, проведенное в Дании, показало, что дети преступников, даже если их воспитывать в домах добропорядочных граждан, в большой степени склонны к конфликтам с законом.. Более того, есть все основания считать, что, если один из разлученных однояйцевых близнецов имеет судимость за уголовное преступление, второй рано или поздно тоже свернет на скользкую дорожку.
Некоторые исследователи все еще придерживаются мнения, что первопричина многих видов правонарушения, в первую очередь таких тяжких, как убийства, разбойные нападения, изнасилования и поджоги - не социальная, а биологическая.
Уже в 21 веке Голландии выявили семью, в которой жестокость отца вроде бы передавалась в наследство сыновьям и внукам. Все мужчины в этой семье были преступниками, и во время исследований выяснилось, что у всех у них наличесвует некий мутирующий (mutating) ген – то есть ген насилия существует! Критики в ответ замечали: „Эти мужчины просто особенно эмоциональные и психически нестабильные, и именно поэтому так часто вступают в конфликт с законом.”
Дебат так и не закончен, однако утверждать, что между склонностью к агрессии и генетическим строением вообще нет связи, было бы ошибкой. Наша способность противостоять психическим перегрузкам и травмам во многом является унаследованной. Но споры относительно того, что является главной причиной преступного поведения – воспитание или все же природа, не стихают. Кое-кому слишком тяжело расставаться с иллюзией, что вместо решения социальных проблем, в будущем с злом можно будет бороться средствами медицинской науки и окончательно искоренить его – вместе с геном насилия.

Результаты (английский) 1:

CRIMINALS ARE BORN OR MADE?Crime: congenital or acquired?CRIMINALS ARE BORN OR MADE? Render the following article into English, paying special attention to the words and expressions in bold type: More than a hundred years ago an Italian doctor Cesare Lombroso created a gallery "criminal types". He, for example, claimed that the sloping forehead, square Chin, coarse facial features, long arms and muscular physique talk about congenital criminal inclinations.Later proved the full scientific neobosnovanost′ this thesis, but the problem of innate propensity for aggression is keenly debated and still is. Nowadays disputes about inheritance criminal qualities and on the biological background of criminal behaviour.In the United States the researchers of problems related to the causes of criminal behavior began monitoring the twins. All children were separated shortly after birth and raised in different parts of the world. Scientists have proceeded from the assumption that, if the twins are monozygotic (identical twins), all differences arising subsequently, should be attributed to the different social environment. However, studies have shown that the distinction between children raised separately, and twins bred in one family, are virtually non-existent.Another study conducted in Denmark found that children of criminals, even if they bring up in the homes of good citizens, to a large extent, prone to conflicts with the law. .. Moreover, there is every reason to believe that, if one of the separated identical twins having been sentenced for a criminal offence, the second too, sooner or later will turn on the slippery slope.Some researchers still believe that the root cause of many types of offenses, especially serious crimes as murder, robbery, rape and arson-is not social and biological.Already in the 21 century Holland revealed a family in which cruelty father seemingly passed the legacy sons and grandsons. All the men in this family were the culprits, and at the time of research it turned out that all of them naličesvuet some mutated (mutating) gene is a gene that violence exists! In response, critics have noticed: "these men just especially emotional and mentally unstable, and that is why so often come into conflict with the law."Debate and not finished, however, argue that between the propensity for aggression and genetic structure has no connection, it would be a mistake. Our ability to resist mental strain and injury is largely inherited. But disputes over what constitutes the main cause of criminal behavior-parenting or still nature, do not subside. Some people too hard to part with the illusion that instead of solving social problems in the future with the evil can be fought with means of medical science and finally eliminate it-along with a gene for violence.

Результаты (английский) 2:

CRIMINALS Born or Formed?
Crime: congenital or acquired?
CRIMINALS Born or Formed? Render the following article into English paying special attention to the words and expressions in bold type: More than a hundred years ago, the Italian physician Cesare Lombroso created a gallery of "criminal types." For example, he argued that the sloping forehead, a square jaw, coarse facial features, long arms and muscular physique suggests innate criminal tendencies. Later it was proved complete scientific invalidity of this thesis, but the problem of addiction to the innate aggression keenly debated and still. And today the debate continues on inheritance and criminal characteristics of the biological assumptions of criminal behavior. In the US, researchers have problems related to the causes of criminal behavior began to monitor the twins. All the children had been separated shortly after birth and raised in different parts of the world. The researchers proceeded from the assumption that if the twins are monozygotic (identical twins), all of the differences that have arisen subsequently be attributed to different Socio habitat. However, studies have shown that differences between children reared separately, and the twins that grew in the same household, are virtually absent. Another study conducted in Denmark has shown that the children of criminals, even if they bring up in the homes of law-abiding citizens are more inclined conflicts with the law .. Furthermore, there is every reason to believe that, if one of separated identical twins has been convicted of a criminal offense, a second sooner or later, too, will turn on a slippery slope. Some researchers are still of the opinion that the root cause of many types of offenses primarily those serious as murder, robbery, rape and arson - not social, and biological. Even in the 21st century Holland found a family in which the father's brutality seems to be passed on a legacy of sons and grandsons. All the men in the family were criminals, and during the study found that they all have a mutating nalichesvuet (mutating) gene - a gene that is violence there! Critics in response to remarks: "These men are just particularly emotional and mental instability, and that is why so often in conflict with the law." Debate has not finished, however, argue that between the propensity to aggression and genetic structure of all there is no connection, it would be mistake. Our ability to withstand the mental stress and injury is largely inherited. But the debate about what is the main cause of criminal behavior - education, or the nature of all, do not subside. Some people are too hard to part with the illusion that instead of solving the social problems in the future it will be possible to fight evil by means of medical science and ultimately eradicate it - along with the gene of violence.

Результаты (английский) 3:

criminals are or become?
crime: congenital or purchased?
criminals are or become?

render the following article into english with special attention to the words and expressions in xmas type:

more than a hundred years ago, an italian doctor cesare ломброзо created gallery "criminal types." he, for example, argued that the sloping forehead, square chin, gross features.long arms and muscular physique show congenital criminal do.
was later proved the full scientific необоснованость this thesis.the problem, however, the propensity to прирожденной aggression are discussed so far. and nowadays, the debate on the inheritance of traits and biological conditions of criminal behaviour.in the united states, the problems associated with the causes of criminal behaviour started monitoring the twins. all the children were separated shortly after he was born and brought up in different parts of the world.scientists had assumed that, if the twins are identical (identical twins), all differences arising subsequently, should be attributed to the different cоциальной habitats. however, research has shown.differences between children росшими provided separately, and the twins in the same family are almost non-existent. "another study in denmark found that the children ofeven if they raise in the homes of good citizens, to a large extent, prone to conflict with the law. moreover, there is every reason to believe thatif one of the separated однояйцевых twins has a conviction for a criminal offence, the second early or late, will this road. "some scholars still hold the opinionwhat the underlying cause of many types of offences, particularly serious as murder, armed robbery, rape and arson - social and biological.
in the 21 century holland identified familyin which the father seems to have passed, sons and grandsons. all the men in this family are criminals, and during the research, it turns outwhat they all have in наличесвует a a mutating (mutating) gene is the gene of violence exists. critics of the response notice: „эти men was particularly emotional and mentally unstable.and that is why so often come into conflict with the law. ". the debate is not over, however, argued that between propensity to aggression and genetic structure of no connection, it would be a mistake.our ability to resist mental strains and injuries is largely inherited. but arguments about what is the main cause of criminal conduct, education or all naturedon't are quieting down. someone too hard to break the illusion that instead of solving social problems.in the future, with the evil can be combated by means of medical science and completely eliminate it, along with the violence.