страшная карта

страшная карта

Результаты (английский) 1:

terrible map

Результаты (английский) 2:

scare card

Результаты (английский) 3:

3. surface patterns represent quantitative measurements can guarantee that vary across the landscape, there are no explicit boundaries (i.e. patches are not delineated). here, the data can be conceptualized as a three dimensional surface, where the measured value at each geographical location is represented by the height of the surface. a familiar example is a digital elevation model, but any quantitative measurement can be treated this way (e.g. plant biomass, soil nitrogen, the density of individuals). surface pattern analysis in ecology has largely been focused on estimating and modelingthe spatial dependencies in the measured characteristic, and a variety of techniques exist for this purpose (3, 18, 19, 30). here, the basic question is, 'are samples that are close together also similar with respect to the measured variable? '